Periodontal, dentoalveolar, and skeletal effects of tooth-borne and tooth-bone-borne expansion appliances

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to evaluate and compare the periodontal, dentoalveolar, and
skeletal effects of tooth-borne and tooth-bone-borne expansion devices using cone-beam computed
tomography.
Methods: Twenty-five patients requiring maxillary expansion were randomly allocated into 2
groups. A tooth-borne hyrax appliance was used in the first group, consisting of 13 patients (8 girls, 5 boys; mean age, 14.3±2.3 years), and a tooth-bone-borne hybrid hyrax appliance was used in the second group of 12 patients (6 girls, 6 boys; mean age, 13.8±2.2 years). Cone-beam computed tomography records were taken before and 3 months after expansion, and periodontal, dentoalveolar, and skeletal measurements were made on the cone-beam computed tomography images with a software program. Independent-samples t tests and chi-square tests were used to evaluate the treatment changes in both groups, and the paired t test ±was used to compare the measurements at 2 time points for the variables.
Results: Significant skeletal changes and increases in interdental distances were observed in both groups. However, the distances between the first and second premolars increased more with the hyrax appliance (7.5±4.2 and 7.9±3.3 mm, respectively) compared with the hybrid hyrax (3.2±2.6 and 4.5±3.8 mm, respectively) (P<0.05). Similar reductions in buccal bone plate thickness and increases in palatal bone plate thickness of the anchored teeth occurred in both groups, whereas changes in buccal and palatal bone thicknesses of the left first premolars significantly differed between groups (P<0.001). No significant intergroup difference was found in terms of absolute dental tipping.
Conclusions: Both tooth-borne and tooth-bone-borne rapid expansion are effective methods for treating a narrow maxilla. However, the hyrax appliance resulted in greater expansion in the premolar region. On the other hand, the hybrid hyrax appliance did not cause changes in the bony support of the first premolars.