IADR Abstract Archives
Is Periodontitis a Risk Factor for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus? a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional and Prospective Studies.
Objectives: The nature of the association between periodontitis (PD) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is still unclear. The aim of this review was to systematically appraise the evidence linking PD and GDM.
Methods: Six databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Cinhl, Scopus and CENTRAL) were searched up to February 2021. Observational (cross-sectional and prospective) studies including pregnant women without baseline GDM and diagnosis of periodontitis were included in the review. Risk of bias and publication bias was assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Our primary outcome was the likelihood of PD pregnant women to develop GDM. Secondly, we compared periodontal measures from GDM and non-GDM patients. Random effects meta-analysis of odds ratio (OR) and of ratio of means (ROM) were performed.
Results: Searches resulted in 12 studies and eight case-control and four prospective studies met our eligibility criteria. High degree of variability of case definitions of GDM and PD were reported in all studies. Analysis of 2344 pregnant women (including 1601 without GDM and 743 with GDM) confirmed that diagnosis of PD during the first trimester was associated with doubled odds of developing GDM during the last two trimesters (OR=2.41, 95% CI=0.95 to 3.03, p<0.001, I2=50%). Further GDM was associated with worse clinical periodontal parameters including periodontal probing pocket depth (ROM of 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.16), clinical attachment level (ROM 1.15, 95% CI 1.04-1.31), and bleeding on probing (ROM 1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.42).
Conclusions: PD diagnosis during the first trimester of pregnancy increases the odds of development of GDM. Conversely GDM is associated with poor periodontal health status during pregnancy.
Methods: Six databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Cinhl, Scopus and CENTRAL) were searched up to February 2021. Observational (cross-sectional and prospective) studies including pregnant women without baseline GDM and diagnosis of periodontitis were included in the review. Risk of bias and publication bias was assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Our primary outcome was the likelihood of PD pregnant women to develop GDM. Secondly, we compared periodontal measures from GDM and non-GDM patients. Random effects meta-analysis of odds ratio (OR) and of ratio of means (ROM) were performed.
Results: Searches resulted in 12 studies and eight case-control and four prospective studies met our eligibility criteria. High degree of variability of case definitions of GDM and PD were reported in all studies. Analysis of 2344 pregnant women (including 1601 without GDM and 743 with GDM) confirmed that diagnosis of PD during the first trimester was associated with doubled odds of developing GDM during the last two trimesters (OR=2.41, 95% CI=0.95 to 3.03, p<0.001, I2=50%). Further GDM was associated with worse clinical periodontal parameters including periodontal probing pocket depth (ROM of 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.16), clinical attachment level (ROM 1.15, 95% CI 1.04-1.31), and bleeding on probing (ROM 1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.42).
Conclusions: PD diagnosis during the first trimester of pregnancy increases the odds of development of GDM. Conversely GDM is associated with poor periodontal health status during pregnancy.