IADR Abstract Archives
Copper-Containing Implant Materials Offer Antimicrobial and Pro-Osteogenic Properties
Objectives: Dental implants are susceptible to failure due to a variety of causes with bacterial infection, leading to poor osteo-integration, being of particular concern. The aim of this study was to characterize microbial and osteoblast responses to copper-containing implant materials; titanium, titanium alloy (containing aluminium and vanadium), cobalt/chromium and stainless steel.
Methods: Anti-biofilm assays were conducted against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and the oral species Streptococcus oralis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Actinomyces naeslundii. Expression of the copper-sensing transcriptional repressor gene csoR was further studied with Streptococcus oralis. Cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cytotoxicity, collagen formation and mineralization were quantified with osteoblastic MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. Confocal microscopy with live/dead staining was used to examine both bacterial biofilms and osteoblasts.
Results: CoCrCu (2.8% Cu), 316L-Cu SS (Stainless Steel; 4.5% Cu), Ti-6Al-4V-5Cu (5.0% Cu) and Ti-5Cu (5.0% Cu) alloys reduced bacterial populations (range: 15 to 95%), when compared with the titanium substrate control. Enhanced expression of csoR was observed with Streptococcus oralis in the presence of copper-bearing alloys. Osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were not significantly different between test materials and the control substrate. However, significant cytotoxic effects were observed with higher copper concentrations. Collagen levels and calcium deposition increased with copper-containing alloys after 21 days.
Conclusions: The addition of appropriate amounts of copper into metal alloys and coatings for dental implant materials can offer beneficial antimicrobial and pro-osteogenic properties. The antimicrobial action of copper is being further examined by RNA-seq.
Methods: Anti-biofilm assays were conducted against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and the oral species Streptococcus oralis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Actinomyces naeslundii. Expression of the copper-sensing transcriptional repressor gene csoR was further studied with Streptococcus oralis. Cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cytotoxicity, collagen formation and mineralization were quantified with osteoblastic MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. Confocal microscopy with live/dead staining was used to examine both bacterial biofilms and osteoblasts.
Results: CoCrCu (2.8% Cu), 316L-Cu SS (Stainless Steel; 4.5% Cu), Ti-6Al-4V-5Cu (5.0% Cu) and Ti-5Cu (5.0% Cu) alloys reduced bacterial populations (range: 15 to 95%), when compared with the titanium substrate control. Enhanced expression of csoR was observed with Streptococcus oralis in the presence of copper-bearing alloys. Osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were not significantly different between test materials and the control substrate. However, significant cytotoxic effects were observed with higher copper concentrations. Collagen levels and calcium deposition increased with copper-containing alloys after 21 days.
Conclusions: The addition of appropriate amounts of copper into metal alloys and coatings for dental implant materials can offer beneficial antimicrobial and pro-osteogenic properties. The antimicrobial action of copper is being further examined by RNA-seq.