Biomechanic Behavior Implant Subject to Immediate, Early and Late Load

The utilization of innovative techniques in the implantodontology area has been a result of the growing evolution of the osseointegrated implants. The immediate loading has been the theme of intense research. Objectives: Through a non linear analysis using the finite elements method, the von Mises tensions and deformations was evaluated in a single implant structure with 3.8 mm of diameter, conical and screw type with an intern hexagon; in its abutment connection; in the prosthetic crown; in the support osseous tissue, submitted to a 100N axial load. Methods: There were simulations in three loading situations: (1) immediate load, 0 to 4 weeks of healing of the interface bone/implant; (2) early load, 4 to 12 weeks of healing; (3) late load, from 16 weeks on. In the finite element model, a 0,5 mm layer of healing bone was created like the interface bone/implant, considering the elasticity module of each in the respective timing of healing. Results: The results indicated that the maximum tension was concentrated in the implant/abutment connection region for all periods, presenting very similar rates. The von Mises deformations concentrated in the osseous support tissue in the ridge region, mainly per buccal side, presenting the highest rates in the immediate load situation as compared to the others. Conclusions: Therefore, this research demonstrated that the load application in single implants has to consider the initial phases of the bone healing, being mostly recommended after the eighth week from the implantation surgery.