Method: Patients and animals were randomly assigned to either Control group – deproteinised bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss) + autogenous bone (1:1) or test group – deproteinised bovine bone mineral + collagen (Bio-Oss Collagen).
Animals
Nine sheep underwent bilateral sinus augmentation. Each sinus was randomized to receive either control or test bone graft. Three animals were then sacrificed at 8 weeks and another six animals sacrificed at 16 weeks after grafting. The sinuses were then processed for histology and histomorphometry.
Humans
Fourty patients were randomly assigned to either the test group (20 patients) or control group (20 patients) and underwent lateral sinus floor elevation. Five months later, bone biopsy was harvested during the osteotomy preparation and collected (x20 from test group and x20 from control group).
Histological preparation and Histomorphometry
Undecalcified tissue sections were prepared and then stained with 0.1% toluidine blue for light microscopy.
Histomorphometric analysis assessed the percentage area fraction of mineralized bone, residual graft, and soft tissue components as well as graft particle osseointegration.
Result: Significantly greater bone volume was seen in regions proximal to resident bony walls regardless of the grafting material used. Significantly greater graft particle integration was also seen in regions proximal to resident bony walls regardless of the grafting material used. No significant differences in remaining parameters were noted when comparing test and control grafting materials.
Conclusion: Bio-Oss Collagen is a suitable grafting material for the purposes of maxillary sinus grafting in humans and animals. Also, proximity of bone grafting materials to resident bone walls had a greater positive impact on bone regenerative outcomes than the type of grafting material used.