IADR Abstract Archives
Selective bioactivity of nano-engineered dental implants with dual micro-/nano-scale topography
Objectives: The long term success of a dental implant depends on the appropriate cellular modulation at the abutment-gingival (soft-tissue integration) and bone-implant (osseo-integration) interface. Further, appropriate immune-inflammatory responses at the implant-host interface can promote enhanced healing and integration. In this study we propose nano-engineered titanium dental implants with TiO2 nanopores, achieved by electrochemical anodization, as the next generation of implants aimed at improved soft-/hard-tissue integration and immunomodulatory functions.
Methods: An optimized anodization procedure was utilized to generate titania (TiO2) nanopores on Ti surfaces, with dual micro-/nano-scale topography, characterized by SEM and AFM microscopy. Various implant surfaces were investigated including smooth, micro-rough, nano-rough, and nanopores. This was followed by performing functional assays using cultured primary gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), osteoblasts and macrophages at pre-determined time intervals, including adhesion, viability, proliferation, and gene expression. Furthermore, cell spreading and morphology was characterized via SEM. The mechanical stability of the nano-engineered implants was also investigated using nanoindentation.
Results: Results confirmed enhanced fibroblast and osteoblast adhesion, viability and proliferation on nanopore modified implants (in comparison with smooth, micro-rough and nano-rough implants). Cellular imaging confirmed spreading morphology characteristic of strong adhesion and anchoring for the nano-engineered implant surfaces. Further, successful attenuation of macrophage function was achieved upon tuning the diameter of the nanopores. Nanoindentation studies revealed that the modulus and hardness of the surfaces was improved as compared to nanotubular/nanoporous anodized surfaces reported elsewhere.
Conclusions: The results indicate that mechanically-stable nano-engineered titanium implant surfaces promote the functionality of fibroblasts and osteoblasts towards achieving enhanced integration, while selectively immunomodulating the activity of macrophages.
Methods: An optimized anodization procedure was utilized to generate titania (TiO2) nanopores on Ti surfaces, with dual micro-/nano-scale topography, characterized by SEM and AFM microscopy. Various implant surfaces were investigated including smooth, micro-rough, nano-rough, and nanopores. This was followed by performing functional assays using cultured primary gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), osteoblasts and macrophages at pre-determined time intervals, including adhesion, viability, proliferation, and gene expression. Furthermore, cell spreading and morphology was characterized via SEM. The mechanical stability of the nano-engineered implants was also investigated using nanoindentation.
Results: Results confirmed enhanced fibroblast and osteoblast adhesion, viability and proliferation on nanopore modified implants (in comparison with smooth, micro-rough and nano-rough implants). Cellular imaging confirmed spreading morphology characteristic of strong adhesion and anchoring for the nano-engineered implant surfaces. Further, successful attenuation of macrophage function was achieved upon tuning the diameter of the nanopores. Nanoindentation studies revealed that the modulus and hardness of the surfaces was improved as compared to nanotubular/nanoporous anodized surfaces reported elsewhere.
Conclusions: The results indicate that mechanically-stable nano-engineered titanium implant surfaces promote the functionality of fibroblasts and osteoblasts towards achieving enhanced integration, while selectively immunomodulating the activity of macrophages.