Caries and Periodontal Conditions among Primary School Children (Jinja-Uganda)

Introduction: Jinja is a district in Uganda where dental caries and periodontal conditions are causes of morbidity. The prevalence of these conditions among 12-year-olds is not known yet information from this age group is important for monitoring and planning for oral health care delivery. Objectives: Main objective was to assess prevalence and factors contributing to dental caries and periodontal conditions among 12-year-olds in primary schools in Jinja in order to provide information to assist in designing appropriate strategies for oral health care provision. Methods: A cross-sectional study employing quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted. The study population was stratified into urban, peri-urban and rural areas. The sample size was 312 pupils. Four schools were randomly selected per stratum. KIs and FGDs were conducted with resource persons. Qualitative data was analyzed using EPI- Info computer program and tests of significance calculated. Qualitative data was analyzed manually using master sheet analysis. Results: The proportion of children with dental caries was 52 % (mean DMFT, 1.3). Over 90% had plaque. Sixteen percent had calculus. Duration of stay in Jinja was significant factor contributing to caries (OR 1.68, CI 1.07-2.64). Being male (OR 0, 47, CI 0.29-078), living in rural areas (OR 3.69, CI 2.22-6.65), frequency of brushing (OR 0.30, CI 0.16-0.57), knowledge of dental checkups (OR 1.60, CI 1.03-2.76), and social class (OR 0.61, CI 0.25-1.60) were significantly related to periodontal conditions. Lack of school dental programs and dental health information were other contributing factors. Conclusion: Dental conditions are a problem among primary school children in Jinja. The dental department of the Ministry of Health should plan for oral health services by purchasing dental equipment in addition to recruiting dental personnel. Secondly, it should plan school oral health programs and operational research.