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Water Sorption and Flexural Properties of Bulk-Fill Composites

Objectives: This study investigated the flexural properties, water sorption, and water solubility of four high-viscosity bulk-fill (BF) composites (Tetric PowerFill, Filtek One Bulk Fill, SonicFill 3, and X-Tra Fil) and two conventional composites (CC) (Filtek Supreme Ultra and GrandioSO).
Methods: Specimens were prepared and tested according to ISO 4049:2019 for flexural properties (N=15) and water sorption and water solubility (N=5). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey post-hoc test (p<0.05).
Results: X-Tra Fil (BF) exhibited the highest flexural strength (136.84 MPa) and flexural toughness (0.81 MPa), while GrandioSO (CC) had the highest flexural modulus (14.58 GPa) and the lowest water sorption (9.26 μg/mm3) and water solubility (0.65 μg/mm3). SonicFill 3 (BF) showed the lowest flexural strength (82.40 MPa) and modulus (7.65 GPa), whereas Filtek One (BF) demonstrated the greatest flexural toughness (0.84 MPa), but the highest water solubility (1.61 μg/mm3). Filtek Supreme Ultra (CC) had the highest water sorption (25.76 μg/mm3).
Conclusions: Bulk-fill composites generally outperformed conventional composites in flexural strength and toughness, with X-Tra Fil (BF) being the strongest. GrandioSO (CC) had the highest flexural modulus and the lowest water sorption and solubility. In contrast, Filtek Supreme Ultra (CC) and Filtek One (BF) showed higher water sorption and solubility. The results of this study highlight the need to choose materials based on specific clinical demands.
Division:
Meeting: 2025 AADOCR/CADR Annual Meeting (New York City, New York)
Location: New York City, New York
Year: 2025
Final Presentation ID: 1107
Abstract Category|Abstract Category(s): Dental Materials 2: Polymer-based Materials
Authors
  • D'souza, Liam  ( University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada )
  • Chagas, Gabriela Da Silva  ( Sao Paulo State University , Sao Jose dos Campos , Sao Paulo , Brazil )
  • Santos Jr., Gildo  ( University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada )
  • Rizkalla, Amin  ( University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada )
  • Santos, Maria  ( University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada )
    • Financial Interest Disclosure: NONE
    SESSION INFORMATION
    Poster Session
    Polymer-based Materials: Materials Properties II-3D Materials
    Friday, 03/14/2025 , 03:15PM - 04:30PM
    TABLES
    Means and (standard deviation) of flexural properties
    MaterialFlexural Modulus (GPa)Flexural Strength (MPa)Flexural Toughness (MPa)
    Filtek Supreme Ultra (CC)11.09 (1.00)2,3102.33 (12.75)2,30.54 (0.14)5,6
    GrandioSO (CC)14.58 (1.08)499.62 (8.43)30.37 (0.07)5
    Tetric PowerFill (BF)10.38 (1.20)1,2113.78 (9.74)1,20.74 (0.14)1,2,3
    Filtek One (BF)10.67 (0.99)1,3119.88 (13.22)10.84 (0.30)1,4
    SonicFill 3 (BF)7.65 (1.11)82.40 (13.03)0.57 (0.15)2,6
    X-Tra Fil (BF)14.30 (0.57)4136.84 (10.52)0.81 (0.14)3,4
    Same superscript numbers within each column indicates no significant difference between materials (p<0.05, Tukey).
    Means and (standard deviation) of water properties.
    MaterialWater Sorption (μg/mm3)Water Solubility (μg/mm3)
    Filtek Supreme Ultra (CC)25.76 (1.39)1.41 (0.48)2,5,8
    GrandioSO (CC)9.26 (1.17)10.65 (0.24)1,7
    Tetric PowerFill (BF)14.61 (0.86)0.75 (0.30)1,2,3,4
    Filtek One (BF)23.57 (0.88)1.61 (0.55)5,6
    SonicFill 3 (BF)17.56 (1.21)0.64 (0.24)3,7
    X-Tra Fil (BF)10.09 (0.92)11.40 (0.29)4,6,8
    Same superscript numbers within each column indicates no significant difference between materials (p<0.05, Tukey).