Effect of Print Direction, Material, and Thickness on Translucency
Objectives: To examine how translucency changes as a function of print direction, material, and thickness using translucency parameter and contrast ratio Methods: Five specimens were printed per group. Two materials (Ceramic Crown(CC) and OnX Tough 2) were printed at four thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0mm) in two directions (flat (F) and vertical (V)) using a Sprint Ray Pro 2 for a total of 16 groups. Once printed the materials were cleaned and cured according to the manufacturer's instructions. Both materials were not able to be printed vertically at 0.5mm due to the size. No surface finishing was performed.
Five specimens from each material/thickness/print direction group were analyzed for color and translucency. CIE L*a*b* and Yxy values were measured against white (WB) and black backgrounds (BB) with glycerin against the background (UltraScan VIS spectrophotometer). Five measurements were made per specimen. Using the Y value from the black background and the white background the CR (contrast ratio) was calculated by:
CR = Yblack/Ywhite
The Translucency Parameter (TP) was determined by using the CIE L*a*b* values and was calculated by:
TP = [(L*black – L*white)2 + (a*black – a*white)2 + (b*black – b*white)2]½. Results: Data given in Table 1 and Table 2. Data was analyzed using (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc for differences(p≤0.05) within between materials, for increasing specimen thickness, and for flat or vertical print direction. Conclusions: Within the bounds of this study, statistically different values were noted for all factors examined: thickness, material, and print direction. Contrast ratio increased and translucency parameter decreased with increasing thickness. Ceramic Crown had a higher contrast ratio and lower translucency parameter the OnX Tough 2 for all thicknesses/print directions. Vertical specimens had a higher contrast ratio and lower translucency parameter for all cases except thicker (1.5 and 2.0 mm) OnX Tough 2 specimens.
Division: Meeting:2025 AADOCR/CADR Annual Meeting (New York City, New York) Location: New York City, New York
Year: 2025 Final Presentation ID:0545 Abstract Category|Abstract Category(s):Dental Materials 7: Color and Appearance (Esthetics)
Authors
Magnuszewski, Tabetha
( Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc.
, Amherst
, New York
, United States
)
Tysowsky, George
( Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc.
, Amherst
, New York
, United States
)
Chlosta, Kelly
( Ivoclar
, Amherst
, New York
, United States
)
Hill, Thomas
( Ivoclar
, Amherst
, New York
, United States
)
Support Funding Agency/Grant Number: Ivoclar
Financial Interest Disclosure: I am an employee of Ivoclar
SESSION INFORMATION
Poster Session
Dental Materials 7: Color and Appearance (Esthetics) II
Thursday,
03/13/2025
, 03:15PM - 04:30PM
TABLES
Table 1. Ceramic Crown (Contrast Ratio and Translucency Parameter)
Contrast Ratio
Translucency Parameter
Average
Standard Deviation
Average
Standard Deviation
0.5 mm flat
0.368
0.013
32.44
0.64
0.5 mm vertical
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.0 mm flat
0.643
0.007
18.21
0.73
1.0 mm vertical
0.744
0.013
13.79
0.57
1.5 mm flat
0.803
0.018
10.68
1.03
1.5 mm vertical
0.854
0.008
8.35
0.49
2.0 mm flat
0.905
0.023
5.67
0.99
2.0 mm vertical
0.920
0.012
4.84
0.58
Table 2. OnX Tough 2 (Contrast Ratio and Translucency Parameter)