IADR Abstract Archives
Antibiotic Prophylaxis Dysregulation of Osteoimmune Mechanisms Impairs Dental Implant Osseointegration
Objectives: We previously showed antibiotic-induced shifts in the commensal oral microbiota can dysregulate T helper cell immunity to have catabolic effects on alveolar bone. Antibiotic prophylaxis is commonly performed with dental implant placement surgery to prevent postsurgical complications. However, antibiotic prophylaxis effects on commensal microbiota - osteoimmune mechanisms influencing dental implant osseointegration are unknown. Study purpose was to define the impact of antibiotic prophylaxis for dental implant placement surgery on osteoimmunomodulatory actions regulating implant osseous healing and osseointegration.
Methods: We performed SHAM or dental implant placement surgery in 12-week-old female C57BL/6T specific-pathogen-free mice. Groups were administered a clinically relevant 3-day course of prophylactic antibiotics (amoxicillin or clindamycin) or vehicle, and euthanized 16 days after surgery. Flow cytometric analysis of cervical lymph node and spleen cells were carried out to define alterations in oral and systemic T helper cell immunity. Histomorphometry of peri-implant alveolar bone was performed to assess changes in osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Implant osseointegration was assessed via micro-CT analysis of bone-to-implant contact. N-values were 8-10/gp. ANOVA analysis was performed with appropriate post-hoc test; p<0.05 was significant.
Results: Dental implant placement surgery upregulated T helper subsets (TH1, TH2, TREG cells) in oral but not systemic lymphoid tissues, which implies T helper cell oral immunity contributes to dental implant osseous wound healing. Prophylactic antibiotics with dental implant surgery suppressed osteoblasts in peri-implant alveolar bone and reduced bone-to-implant contact, which reveals prophylactic antibiotics impair implant osseous healing and osseointegration. Antibiotic prophylaxis with dental implant surgery dysregulated T helper immunity (↑TH17, ↓TH1, ↓TH2, ↓TREG cells) in oral but not systemic lymphoid tissues, which suggests antibiotic-induced oral dysbiosis disrupts T helper cell osteoimmune actions supporting dental implant osseointegration.
Conclusions: While prior work supports that antibiotic prophylaxis does not mitigate dental implant placement postsurgical complications, this study reveals antibiotic prophylaxis compromises implant osseointegration.
Methods: We performed SHAM or dental implant placement surgery in 12-week-old female C57BL/6T specific-pathogen-free mice. Groups were administered a clinically relevant 3-day course of prophylactic antibiotics (amoxicillin or clindamycin) or vehicle, and euthanized 16 days after surgery. Flow cytometric analysis of cervical lymph node and spleen cells were carried out to define alterations in oral and systemic T helper cell immunity. Histomorphometry of peri-implant alveolar bone was performed to assess changes in osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Implant osseointegration was assessed via micro-CT analysis of bone-to-implant contact. N-values were 8-10/gp. ANOVA analysis was performed with appropriate post-hoc test; p<0.05 was significant.
Results: Dental implant placement surgery upregulated T helper subsets (TH1, TH2, TREG cells) in oral but not systemic lymphoid tissues, which implies T helper cell oral immunity contributes to dental implant osseous wound healing. Prophylactic antibiotics with dental implant surgery suppressed osteoblasts in peri-implant alveolar bone and reduced bone-to-implant contact, which reveals prophylactic antibiotics impair implant osseous healing and osseointegration. Antibiotic prophylaxis with dental implant surgery dysregulated T helper immunity (↑TH17, ↓TH1, ↓TH2, ↓TREG cells) in oral but not systemic lymphoid tissues, which suggests antibiotic-induced oral dysbiosis disrupts T helper cell osteoimmune actions supporting dental implant osseointegration.
Conclusions: While prior work supports that antibiotic prophylaxis does not mitigate dental implant placement postsurgical complications, this study reveals antibiotic prophylaxis compromises implant osseointegration.