IADR Abstract Archives
Effect of Bottled Water and Fluoride Toothpaste on Caries Remineralization
Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of four bottled waters available in Indianapolis, IN on fluoride toothpaste efficacy in enhancing caries remineralization.
Methods: Early caries lesions were created in bovine enamel specimens and assigned to treatment groups (18 specimens per group) based on Vickers surface microhardness (VHN). This study followed a two (fluoride and fluoride-free toothpaste) by five (four bottled waters and tap water) factorial design. The treatment groups were bottled water with the following attributes: a) high Ca/high F; b) high Ca/low F; c) low Ca/high F; d) low Ca/low F, with tap water serving as a control. The five water groups were paired either with fluoride or fluoride-free toothpaste, yielding 10 groups. Specimens were pH-cycled for 10 days with the daily regimen of twice daily toothpaste slurry, with four exposures to water in between. Finally, VHN was measured again to calculate the extent of remineralization (dVHN). The statistical analysis was carried out using two-way ANOVA at a 5% significance level.
Results: The two-way interaction between water and toothpaste was significant (p<0.001). All groups except fluoride-free toothpaste/bottled water with low F and low Ca (p=0.411) had significant increases in VHN after pH cycling (p≤0.023). Fluoridated toothpaste illustrated a higher rate of remineralization compared to fluoride-free toothpaste (all p<0.001). Within the fluoride-free toothpaste group, bottled water with high F and high Ca exhibited the greatest extent of remineralization which was not different from tap water (p = 0.68). Bottled water with high F and high Ca exhibited the greatest extent of remineralization within fluoride and fluoride-free toothpaste groups.
Conclusions: Bottled water with high fluoride and high calcium concentrations can be recommended to patients at high caries risk as it was demonstrated to enhance the anticaries benefits of a fluoridated toothpaste.
Methods: Early caries lesions were created in bovine enamel specimens and assigned to treatment groups (18 specimens per group) based on Vickers surface microhardness (VHN). This study followed a two (fluoride and fluoride-free toothpaste) by five (four bottled waters and tap water) factorial design. The treatment groups were bottled water with the following attributes: a) high Ca/high F; b) high Ca/low F; c) low Ca/high F; d) low Ca/low F, with tap water serving as a control. The five water groups were paired either with fluoride or fluoride-free toothpaste, yielding 10 groups. Specimens were pH-cycled for 10 days with the daily regimen of twice daily toothpaste slurry, with four exposures to water in between. Finally, VHN was measured again to calculate the extent of remineralization (dVHN). The statistical analysis was carried out using two-way ANOVA at a 5% significance level.
Results: The two-way interaction between water and toothpaste was significant (p<0.001). All groups except fluoride-free toothpaste/bottled water with low F and low Ca (p=0.411) had significant increases in VHN after pH cycling (p≤0.023). Fluoridated toothpaste illustrated a higher rate of remineralization compared to fluoride-free toothpaste (all p<0.001). Within the fluoride-free toothpaste group, bottled water with high F and high Ca exhibited the greatest extent of remineralization which was not different from tap water (p = 0.68). Bottled water with high F and high Ca exhibited the greatest extent of remineralization within fluoride and fluoride-free toothpaste groups.
Conclusions: Bottled water with high fluoride and high calcium concentrations can be recommended to patients at high caries risk as it was demonstrated to enhance the anticaries benefits of a fluoridated toothpaste.