IADR Abstract Archives
Graphene on Titanium Increases Osteoblast Maturation and Reduces Biofilm Formation
Objectives: The objectives were to evaluate the osteogenic and antibacterial potential of graphene coating on titanium via wet and direct dry transfer technique.
Methods: Single-layer graphene was produced by chemical vapour deposition and deposited on titanium disk via wet (WGp) of direct dry transfer technique (DGp). The coatings were characterized by Raman, XPS and AFM. MG63 cells were seeded and cultured with basal growth medium. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTS and SEM. Osteoblastic maturation was assessed by qPCR (RUNX2, COL I, ALP and OCN), Western blot (OCN) and Alizarin red staining for 1,3 and 7 days. For the antibacterial potential, S. mutans and E. faecalis and whole saliva were cultured on the disks. Biofilm formation was assessed by SEM, colony forming unit (CFU), crystal violet assay (CVA) and confocal microscopy after 2 days. Uncoated titanium was the control. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann–Whitney test (α = 5%).
Results: The Raman mappings showed coverage of 98.7% for WGp and 91.4% for DGp. XPS did not detect metallic residues from graphene production on the disks. All the groups presented similar proliferation after 5 days. WGp and DGp significantly increased the expression of the gene and proteins evaluated and mineralization compared to titanium alone for all time points evaluated (p<0.05). DGp significantly decreased the formation of biofilms from S. mutans, E. faecalis and whole saliva on titanium without killing the bacteria.
Conclusions: Both transfers yielded to coat more than 90% of the titanium disks without changing the morphological characteristics of the substrate. The graphene coating accelerated the osteogenic differentiation and increased the calcium deposition of pre-osteoblast cells. Moreover, the atomically-thin coating deposited via a dry transfer technique prevented the proliferation and the formation of biofilms from S. mutans, E. faecalis and even from whole saliva on the surface of the titanium.
Methods: Single-layer graphene was produced by chemical vapour deposition and deposited on titanium disk via wet (WGp) of direct dry transfer technique (DGp). The coatings were characterized by Raman, XPS and AFM. MG63 cells were seeded and cultured with basal growth medium. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTS and SEM. Osteoblastic maturation was assessed by qPCR (RUNX2, COL I, ALP and OCN), Western blot (OCN) and Alizarin red staining for 1,3 and 7 days. For the antibacterial potential, S. mutans and E. faecalis and whole saliva were cultured on the disks. Biofilm formation was assessed by SEM, colony forming unit (CFU), crystal violet assay (CVA) and confocal microscopy after 2 days. Uncoated titanium was the control. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann–Whitney test (α = 5%).
Results: The Raman mappings showed coverage of 98.7% for WGp and 91.4% for DGp. XPS did not detect metallic residues from graphene production on the disks. All the groups presented similar proliferation after 5 days. WGp and DGp significantly increased the expression of the gene and proteins evaluated and mineralization compared to titanium alone for all time points evaluated (p<0.05). DGp significantly decreased the formation of biofilms from S. mutans, E. faecalis and whole saliva on titanium without killing the bacteria.
Conclusions: Both transfers yielded to coat more than 90% of the titanium disks without changing the morphological characteristics of the substrate. The graphene coating accelerated the osteogenic differentiation and increased the calcium deposition of pre-osteoblast cells. Moreover, the atomically-thin coating deposited via a dry transfer technique prevented the proliferation and the formation of biofilms from S. mutans, E. faecalis and even from whole saliva on the surface of the titanium.