IADR Abstract Archives
The Effect of Grinds Coffee Pouches™ Particles on Oral Cells
Objectives: Grinds coffee pouches™ deliver caffeine in a manner similar to smokeless tobacco. The use of smokeless tobacco has been linked to an increased risk of oral ulceration and oral cancer. It is too early to tell if the prolonged use of Grinds coffee pouches will have similar effects. These pouches release both caffeine rich solute and small particles. This set of experiments explores the effects of Grinds coffee pouch extracts with and without sub 0.22 µm particles on the viability and cellular activity of two oral cell lines.
Methods: Grinds coffee pouches were extracted in MEMα media overnight at 4°C to a final concentration of 10% wt/vol. Extracts were sterilized by passage through a 0.22 µ filter producing particle-rich grinds extract (PRGE). Particles were removed by centrifugation to produce particle-free Grinds extracts (PFGE). Gingival and periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts were treated for up to 24 hours with various concentrations of PRGE and PFGE. Cell survival was assessed fluorometrically using Calcein-AM. The ability of these cells to express collagens, MMPs, and integrins were compared.
Results: Analysis revealed that PRGE were cytotoxic at concentrations of 0.1% compared to 1% for PFGE. Again, PDL cells were significantly more sensitive than gingival fibroblasts to the cytotoxic effects PFGE. PFGEs significantly reduced the ability of gingival fibroblasts to contract collagen gels. In addition, exposure to these PFGE selectively altered the expression of several collagens, MMPs, and integrins.
Conclusions: Grinds extract particles were significantly more cytotoxic than particle free extracts. PRGE significantly altered the ability of these cells to express several cell attachment proteins. This suggests that the small particles released from Grinds coffee pouches may be more toxic when in direct contact with cells, thus leading to an increased risk of oral ulcers and/or cancer.
Methods: Grinds coffee pouches were extracted in MEMα media overnight at 4°C to a final concentration of 10% wt/vol. Extracts were sterilized by passage through a 0.22 µ filter producing particle-rich grinds extract (PRGE). Particles were removed by centrifugation to produce particle-free Grinds extracts (PFGE). Gingival and periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts were treated for up to 24 hours with various concentrations of PRGE and PFGE. Cell survival was assessed fluorometrically using Calcein-AM. The ability of these cells to express collagens, MMPs, and integrins were compared.
Results: Analysis revealed that PRGE were cytotoxic at concentrations of 0.1% compared to 1% for PFGE. Again, PDL cells were significantly more sensitive than gingival fibroblasts to the cytotoxic effects PFGE. PFGEs significantly reduced the ability of gingival fibroblasts to contract collagen gels. In addition, exposure to these PFGE selectively altered the expression of several collagens, MMPs, and integrins.
Conclusions: Grinds extract particles were significantly more cytotoxic than particle free extracts. PRGE significantly altered the ability of these cells to express several cell attachment proteins. This suggests that the small particles released from Grinds coffee pouches may be more toxic when in direct contact with cells, thus leading to an increased risk of oral ulcers and/or cancer.