IADR Abstract Archives
Biocompatibility Evaluation of Ti6Al4V Implants Produced by Additive Manufacturing
Objectives: The interest of the additive manufacturing technology, commonly called three-dimensional (3D) printing, is rapidly increasing. Selective laser sintering (SLS) is the one of the method for 3D printing that can produce metallic prostheses in dentistry. In this study, biocompatibility of evaluations for SLS 3D printed titanium alloys, Ti6Al4V, were carried.
Methods: Samples were produced from Ti6Al4V alloy powder with median particle size (D50) of 34 μm. The SLS 3D printing was carried out using YAG laser with wavelength of 1075 nm with power of 190 W, and thickness of each layer was 30 µm. The roughness of the sample measured with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) showed Ra value of (43.19 ± 8.48) µm. Two different cytotoxicity tests were carried out using L929 cells; agar diffusion test and test on extracts both according to ISO 10993-5. Additionally, oral mucosa irritation test was carried out on three Syrian Hamsters by exposing check pouches to the test sample for 4 hours according to ISO 10993-10.
Results: The results showed that the SLS 3D printed Ti6Al4V alloy samples resulted in cytotoxicity grade of 0 (none) in agar diffusion test. Viability of cells from exposure to extract were average of 94% compared to blank control. Finally, the ‘Irritation Index’ from the oral mucosa irritation test was considered to be 2.3, corresponded to minimal irritation. The result of the oral mucosa irritation is considered to be influenced by rough surfaces on the SLS 3D printed sample as indicated by AFM.
Conclusions: The SLS 3D printed titanium alloy was biocompatible with respect to tests in this study though the roughness of the sample may influence the results. Hence the consideration of such factor would be required for the biocompatibility evaluation of SLS 3D printed titanium alloy.
Methods: Samples were produced from Ti6Al4V alloy powder with median particle size (D50) of 34 μm. The SLS 3D printing was carried out using YAG laser with wavelength of 1075 nm with power of 190 W, and thickness of each layer was 30 µm. The roughness of the sample measured with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) showed Ra value of (43.19 ± 8.48) µm. Two different cytotoxicity tests were carried out using L929 cells; agar diffusion test and test on extracts both according to ISO 10993-5. Additionally, oral mucosa irritation test was carried out on three Syrian Hamsters by exposing check pouches to the test sample for 4 hours according to ISO 10993-10.
Results: The results showed that the SLS 3D printed Ti6Al4V alloy samples resulted in cytotoxicity grade of 0 (none) in agar diffusion test. Viability of cells from exposure to extract were average of 94% compared to blank control. Finally, the ‘Irritation Index’ from the oral mucosa irritation test was considered to be 2.3, corresponded to minimal irritation. The result of the oral mucosa irritation is considered to be influenced by rough surfaces on the SLS 3D printed sample as indicated by AFM.
Conclusions: The SLS 3D printed titanium alloy was biocompatible with respect to tests in this study though the roughness of the sample may influence the results. Hence the consideration of such factor would be required for the biocompatibility evaluation of SLS 3D printed titanium alloy.