IADR Abstract Archives
Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Over Failed Implants
Objectives: Dental implants are considered a standard treatment for the replacement of missing teeth. Although the success rate of implants is high, the incidence of peri-implantitis continues to increase. Regenerative strategies have been employed to treat failing implants, however, scientific evidence about their rationale is lacking. Thus, new treatment methods should focus on the implant surface, along with cell therapies, growth and differentiation factors that can lead to new bone formation. The objective was to investigate the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to adhere, proliferate and deposit hydroxyapatite over failed implant surfaces under different in-vitro conditions.
Methods: Twelve TiUnite® failed dental implants due to peri-implantitis were collected under IRB approval. MSCs were isolated from gingival tissues of patients undergoing surgical procedures. MSCs were characterized following the International Society for Cellular Therapy guidelines. Osteogenic differentiation was induced for 21 days, following incubation of the MSC with failed implants. Osteogenic lineage was confirmed by Alizarin Red S staining. In addition, the biochemical composition of the mineralized matrix deposited over the implant surface was analyzed through Raman Spectroscopy with native bone as a control.
Results: MSCs showed a fibroblast-like morphology under culture conditions. Their phenotype was confirmed by expression of CD105, CD90 and CD73 using flow cytometry. Dense deposits of calcium were evident in the cultures following staining with Alizarin Red S, but absent in controls. Raman spectra collected from these deposits displayed the phosphate (ν1(PO43-), ~960 cm-1), amide III (δ(NH), ~1245 cm-1), CH2-scissors (~1451cm-1), amide I (ν(C=O), ~1667 cm-1), and ν(CH) (2800-3100 cm-1) bands, similar to those observed in native bone.
Conclusions: MSCs can deposit a native bone-like mineral (hydroxyapatite) over failed implant surfaces. If HA can be promoted over removed failed dental implants it may be possible to re-osseointegrate failing dental implants caused by peri-implantitis in-vivo.
Methods: Twelve TiUnite® failed dental implants due to peri-implantitis were collected under IRB approval. MSCs were isolated from gingival tissues of patients undergoing surgical procedures. MSCs were characterized following the International Society for Cellular Therapy guidelines. Osteogenic differentiation was induced for 21 days, following incubation of the MSC with failed implants. Osteogenic lineage was confirmed by Alizarin Red S staining. In addition, the biochemical composition of the mineralized matrix deposited over the implant surface was analyzed through Raman Spectroscopy with native bone as a control.
Results: MSCs showed a fibroblast-like morphology under culture conditions. Their phenotype was confirmed by expression of CD105, CD90 and CD73 using flow cytometry. Dense deposits of calcium were evident in the cultures following staining with Alizarin Red S, but absent in controls. Raman spectra collected from these deposits displayed the phosphate (ν1(PO43-), ~960 cm-1), amide III (δ(NH), ~1245 cm-1), CH2-scissors (~1451cm-1), amide I (ν(C=O), ~1667 cm-1), and ν(CH) (2800-3100 cm-1) bands, similar to those observed in native bone.
Conclusions: MSCs can deposit a native bone-like mineral (hydroxyapatite) over failed implant surfaces. If HA can be promoted over removed failed dental implants it may be possible to re-osseointegrate failing dental implants caused by peri-implantitis in-vivo.