Primary Stability of Different Implants Placed after Bone Condensation Techniques

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate different bone condensation techniques and their effects on PS prior to placement of two different implant systems in artificial bone.
Methods: This in-vitro study was performed in commercially available polyurethane bone blocks (type III bone quality). Bone condensation was performed with tapered-type osteotomes (T1 group; Frialit-2, Bone Condenser kit, Dentsply-Implants), with chisel-type osteotomes (T2 group; Bone Spreading kit by Nentwig, Ustomed) and a control group (C group without condensation). A total of 240 Zimmer implants with two different implant designs (Zimmer TSV and Zimmer TM) with 10mm length and two different diameters (3.7 mm and 4.1 mm). PS was evaluated by an independent, calibrated examiner using the Osstell device to measure resonance frequency analysis (RFA) values of each implant. The one way-ANOVA was used for evaluation of statistical differences between groups with the post-test Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test.
Results: The study showed that there was a significant increase in PS in both implant designs while placed after condensation (p<0.001). Wider implants had a greater PS compared to narrower implants (p<0.001). Both T1- and T2-groups yielded similar results (p>0.05). The shape of the condensers did not influence the PS of both implant designs (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, higher initial stability was obtained using bone condensation techniques (independent on the condenser shape) compared to conventional techniques. Wider implants were associated with better implant stability.