This study compared the efficacy of Chlorine Dioxide and 3 oral rinses against biofilm phenotype bacteria and yeast.
Method:
Standard zone of inhibition (ZOI) methods employed a 30% poloxamer and a hydroxyapatite-coated tooth model (CBD) was used.
Result:
Chlorine dioxide had an average ZOI of 7.48mm against replicate Staph aureus samples, which was smaller than the averages for the other tested solutions: Crest Pro Health (10.17mm), Listerine Antiseptic (9.28mm) and Peridex Oral Rinse (9.12mm). It had an average ZOI of 7.67mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was smaller than the averages for the other tested solutions: Crest Pro Health (8.16mm), Listerine Antiseptic (8.43mm) and Peridex Oral Rinse (8.44mm). Chlorine dioxide demonstrated comparable, but not statistically significant, activity. Four assays accompanied the hydroxyapatite-coated tooth model. In a colony forming unit (CFU) assay at 48 hr, Chlorine dioxide demonstrated similar anti-biofilm activity to the other tested solutions, but not statistically significant. However, Chlorine dioxide did demonstrate higher activity against Candida albicans (5500 CFUs) than Listerine (11000 CFUs) and slightly higher activity against P. aeruginosa (1010000 CFUs) than PerioShield (1330000 CFUs) and Peridex (130000 CFUs). In an Optical Density assay utilizing crystal violet, Chlorine dioxide demonstrated similar, but not statistically significant bacterial activity to Listerine, Perioshield and Peridex. However, Chlorine dioxide did demonstrate higher, but not statistically significan, activity against C. albicans (absorbance 0.496 nm) than Listerine (0.569 nm) and PerioShield (0.529 nm). SEM images of tooth surface biofilm utilizing Hitachi 4700 microscope further confirmed the observation that Chlorine dioxide demonstrated comparable activity to the other 3 solutions as minimal 3-D architecture was evident compared to control.
Conclusion:
Chlorine dioxide demonstrated improved anti-biofilm bacterial activity to 3 oral rinses, but heightened activity against yeast biofilm.