IADR Abstract Archives

Increased Inflammatory Gene Expression in Masseter Muscle with Sleep Apnea

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is defined by recurrent breathing cessations accompanied by a collapse of the pharyngeal airway.  Comorbid conditions include obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and in some cases, retrognathia and muscle dysfunction.  The latter two conditions may prompt orthognathic correction.  Past investigations have revealed genetic analyses with OSA.  Given that masseter muscle influences skeletal malocclusion and is active during OSA, we investigated whether the expression of OSA-associated genes is altered in a Class II open bite OSA subject. 

Methods: Mandibular advancement surgery patients were classified as skeletal Class II or III and open or deep bite malocclusion, including a Class II open bite patient with OSA.  Masseter muscle samples were collected at surgery, frozen and used for fiber-type analysis.  Remaining tissue was used for gene expression analysis on Affymetrix HT2.0 microarray chips and quantitative RT-PCR.  Ten genes associated with OSA were individually evaluated in the microarray and compared between the OSA patient and eight other malocclusion subjects.

Results: Among OSA-associated genes, TNF expression differed significantly in the muscle of the OSA subject (+2.2 fold greater; P<0.001).  Expression of interleukin genes IL1B, IL1R2, IL6 and IL8 were +2.5 to +9.2 fold greater (P<0.02) and chemokine genes CCL2, CCL3, CCL3L3, CCL4 and CXCR1 were +2.0 to +12.1 fold greater (P<0.05).  Simultaneously, expression of genes for muscle contraction and metabolism were down regulated.

Conclusions: Our findings, and a previous report of increased TNF-α in children with OSA, associated with the TNF-α-308G gene polymorphism, illustrate that OSA is an inflammatory disorder with a strong genetic component.  Hypoxia-induced inflammatory responses are believed to promote skeletal muscle dysfunction in OSA.  We report that OSA may elicit inflammatory gene expression in masseter muscle in Class II open bite subjects.  Additionally, malocclusion contributes to OSA, which negatively affects masseter function, resulting in exacerbation of both disorders.

AADR/CADR Annual Meeting
2014 AADR/CADR Annual Meeting (Charlotte, North Carolina)
Charlotte, North Carolina
2014
1066
Craniofacial Biology
  • Conn, Karen  ( Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA )
  • Sciote, James  ( Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA )
  • Nicot, Romain  ( Université of Lille Nord de France, Lille, , France )
  • Horton, Michael  ( Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA )
  • Barton, Elisabeth  ( University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA )
  • Tobias, John  ( University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA )
  • Ferri, Joel  ( Université of Lille Nord de France, Lille, , France )
  • Raoul, Gwénaël  ( Université of Lille Nord de France, Lille, , France )
  • Teeramongkolgul, Teesit  ( Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA )
  • Godel, Jeffrey  ( Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA )
    • Poster Session
    Normal and Abnormal Craniofacial Development
    03/21/2014