Method: Three hydraulic cements were tested each having different particle sizes and pH (ProRoot MTA®, MTA Plus® and Quick-Set). These cements were used to cap a mechanically-exposed rat molar pulp with and without a composite resin overlay. Control rats had no exposure, or the exposure was not capped. The nociceptive response was determined using an validated behavioral assay: the lengthening of the rat’s meal duration. Proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-1α were measured and histology was performed at 30 and 60 days post-capping.
Result: Meal duration significantly shortened after placement of the hydraulic cements but there were no differences among the materials. IL-1β and IL-1α concentrations were reduced in the capped teeth but no differences were observed among the three cements. Dentinal bridging could be detected at both 30 and 60 days with each of the three cements and the pulps were still vital 60 days after capping.
Conclusion: Pulp capping with a hydraulic cement reduced pain, prevented infection, and reduced inflammation.