IADR Abstract Archives
Nutrient-Based Dietary Patterns and Periodontal Disease Risk in UK Biobank
Objectives: Evidence supporting the relationship between suboptimal dietary intake and periodontal disease has predominately focused on single nutrients. Analysing the effect of single nutrients fails to take into account the complex interactions that occur among them. The aim was to examine the cross-sectional association between single nutrient intakes and nutrient-based dietary patterns and periodontal disease in a subset of the UK Biobank cohort.
Methods: Dietary intake data were captured by multiple 24-hour recalls. Participants were considered at high risk of periodontal disease if they self-reported having painful gums, and/or bleeding gums, and/or loose teeth. A Principal Component Analysis was undertaken to identify nutrient-based dietary patterns. Logistic regression estimated the odd ratios (OR) of periodontal disease risk for single nutrients and nutrient-based dietary patterns. All models were adjusted for a range of confounders.
Results: A total of 9481 participants, mean age 56.2 years (SD 8.0), were included in the analysis. Approximately 17% of the sample was at high risk of periodontal disease. Higher intakes of vitamins B6, B12, C and E, folate, iron, potassium, magnesium, polyunsaturated fatty acid and total sugar were all associated with having a lower risk of periodontal disease. Higher intakes of saturated fat and retinol were associated with an increased risk. Four nutrient-based dietary patterns from 20 nutrients were identified. The “micronutrient and fibre” dietary pattern was inversely associated with having an increased risk of periodontal disease: OR for highest intake (Q4) vs. lowest intake (Q1) =0.77 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.90); P=0.001. No associations were observed for the other three nutrient-based dietary patterns.
Conclusions: Within this sample of middle- and older-aged adults, a “micronutrients and dietary fibre” dietary pattern exhibited a reduced risk of periodontal disease. Eight micronutrients including beta-carotene and dietary fibre had very high factor loadings in this dietary pattern. In the single nutrient analysis, however, dietary fibre and beta-carotene were not associated with periodontal disease risk. This highlights the importance of undertaking a dietary pattern analysis, as some nutrients may interact, and in combination be a stronger predictor of periodontal disease.
Methods: Dietary intake data were captured by multiple 24-hour recalls. Participants were considered at high risk of periodontal disease if they self-reported having painful gums, and/or bleeding gums, and/or loose teeth. A Principal Component Analysis was undertaken to identify nutrient-based dietary patterns. Logistic regression estimated the odd ratios (OR) of periodontal disease risk for single nutrients and nutrient-based dietary patterns. All models were adjusted for a range of confounders.
Results: A total of 9481 participants, mean age 56.2 years (SD 8.0), were included in the analysis. Approximately 17% of the sample was at high risk of periodontal disease. Higher intakes of vitamins B6, B12, C and E, folate, iron, potassium, magnesium, polyunsaturated fatty acid and total sugar were all associated with having a lower risk of periodontal disease. Higher intakes of saturated fat and retinol were associated with an increased risk. Four nutrient-based dietary patterns from 20 nutrients were identified. The “micronutrient and fibre” dietary pattern was inversely associated with having an increased risk of periodontal disease: OR for highest intake (Q4) vs. lowest intake (Q1) =0.77 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.90); P=0.001. No associations were observed for the other three nutrient-based dietary patterns.
Conclusions: Within this sample of middle- and older-aged adults, a “micronutrients and dietary fibre” dietary pattern exhibited a reduced risk of periodontal disease. Eight micronutrients including beta-carotene and dietary fibre had very high factor loadings in this dietary pattern. In the single nutrient analysis, however, dietary fibre and beta-carotene were not associated with periodontal disease risk. This highlights the importance of undertaking a dietary pattern analysis, as some nutrients may interact, and in combination be a stronger predictor of periodontal disease.