Impact of Demineralization, Brushing, and Remineralization Sequences on Dentin Mineral Retention and Surface Properties

Objectives: This study investigates the effects of different treatment sequences involving demineralization, brushing, and remineralization on the calcium and phosphorus (Ca/P) content, surface roughness, and microhardness of dentin specimens.
Methods: Dentin specimens (n = 105) were subjected to five treatment conditions: control, demineralization, demineralization followed by remineralization, demineralization followed by brushing then remineralization, and demineralization followed by remineralization then brushing. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was utilized to assess changes in elemental composition, while scanning electron microscopy was used for microstructural analysis. Surface roughness and microhardness were also quantified to evaluate physical changes in dentin.
Results: The control group retained significantly higher Ca/P content compared with all treated groups, highlighting the substantial loss of hydroxyapatite following demineralization. Among treated groups, those undergoing remineralization immediately after demineralization exhibited higher Ca/P retention compared with those including brushing before remineralization. Microhardness measurements revealed that brushing after demineralization negatively affected dentin’s microhardness, while surface roughness was similarly influenced by treatment sequence.
Conclusions: The sequence of demineralization, brushing, and remineralization significantly affects dentin properties. Brushing prior to remineralization diminishes mineral recovery, whereas immediate exposure to a remineralizing agent after demineralization results in better mineral deposition and improved microhardness.