IADR Abstract Archives
Biomechanics of Cantilever Springs for Anchorage Reinforcement :a Three-Dimensional Analysis
Objectives: To identify the most effective configuration of cantilever springs—including wire type, size, and
activation level necessary for achieving absolute sagittal anchorage during space closure.
Additionally, a three-dimensional (3-D) analysis of the force systems generated at both the
incisor and molar brackets was evaluated.
Methods: A multi-axis force transducer was utilized to measure 3-D forces and moments. Two Nano17 F/T
Sensor load cells were strategically placed on the incisor and molar brackets within a
temperature-controlled glass enclosure. Measurements were taken for forces (Fx, Fy, Fz) and
moments (Mx, My, Mz) across all three planes. Various stainless steel (SS) and beta-titanium
(B-Ti) wires 0.016 x 0.022, 0.017 x 0.025 & 0.019 x 0.025 -inch2 at 150
, 300 & 450 activations
were tested. Each unique combination was repeated 10 times. A custom template was created
to ensure consistent cantilever design, resulting in the bending and testing of over 2000
cantilevers
Results: The force system at the molar bracket showed an increase with both the size of the cantilever
wire and the activation angle. For all wire types, the SS cantilevers produced significantly
greater force systems than the B-Ti counterparts. Within the SS category, wire sizes of 0.017 x
0.025 inch2 activated at 45° and 0.019 x 0.025 inch2 activated at 30° and 45° generated force
systems capable of achieving absolute sagittal molar anchorage.
Conclusions: The force systems associated with specific wire types, sizes, and activation angles indicate that
this model can facilitate 'absolute' anchorage in clinical settings. A theoretical formula based on
linear beam theory has been formulated to allow for straightforward application of the data in
clinical practice through a user-friendly app.
(https://www.orthobites.org/cantilever-spring-anchorage)
activation level necessary for achieving absolute sagittal anchorage during space closure.
Additionally, a three-dimensional (3-D) analysis of the force systems generated at both the
incisor and molar brackets was evaluated.
Methods: A multi-axis force transducer was utilized to measure 3-D forces and moments. Two Nano17 F/T
Sensor load cells were strategically placed on the incisor and molar brackets within a
temperature-controlled glass enclosure. Measurements were taken for forces (Fx, Fy, Fz) and
moments (Mx, My, Mz) across all three planes. Various stainless steel (SS) and beta-titanium
(B-Ti) wires 0.016 x 0.022, 0.017 x 0.025 & 0.019 x 0.025 -inch2 at 150
, 300 & 450 activations
were tested. Each unique combination was repeated 10 times. A custom template was created
to ensure consistent cantilever design, resulting in the bending and testing of over 2000
cantilevers
Results: The force system at the molar bracket showed an increase with both the size of the cantilever
wire and the activation angle. For all wire types, the SS cantilevers produced significantly
greater force systems than the B-Ti counterparts. Within the SS category, wire sizes of 0.017 x
0.025 inch2 activated at 45° and 0.019 x 0.025 inch2 activated at 30° and 45° generated force
systems capable of achieving absolute sagittal molar anchorage.
Conclusions: The force systems associated with specific wire types, sizes, and activation angles indicate that
this model can facilitate 'absolute' anchorage in clinical settings. A theoretical formula based on
linear beam theory has been formulated to allow for straightforward application of the data in
clinical practice through a user-friendly app.
(https://www.orthobites.org/cantilever-spring-anchorage)
4275563_File000000.jpg