Hospital Association of AP With Systemic Conditions and Medications Intake.

Objectives: To determine the association between the annual incidence of AP and diabetes, glycemia status, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), metformin or statin use, periodontal disease, smoking, and kidney disease in a large US southern hospital network.
Methods: A case-control study was performed using the i2b2 database of the University of Alabama at Birmingham hospitals network. Annual AP, periodontal and selected medical diagnoses, medications, and confounding variables for 2489 AP patients were analyzed from March 15, 2018, to March 14, 2022, using ICD-10 codes. AP patients were matched with a non-AP control group of 2489 patients by age, gender, and racial/ethnic group. The annual incidence of AP and its association with smoking, diabetes mellitus, glycemia, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and the intake of metformin and statins were compared using a conditional logistic regression model that controlled for BMI and means of zip code-related income values.
Results: Smoking and periodontal disease consistently showed a significantly high association with AP (P<0.0001). However, when comparing the association of smoking with AP for each year independently, no significant association was observed in 2020 - 2021 (P= 0.37). Diabetes showed no significant association with AP (P=0.44), whereas hyperglycemia (HbA1c>8) was significantly associated with AP when examining all years (OR: 1.78, P=0.01). Metformin and statin intake, and kidney disease showed a negative association with AP, but this was not statistically significant (P=0.48, 0.81, 0.27 respectively). CVD had a consistent significant negative association with annual AP rates (OR: 0.33, P<0.0001).
Conclusions: Smoking, periodontal disease, and hyperglycemia were significantly associated with AP. CVDs were inversely associated with AP. No association was found between AP and other systemic conditions and medications.