Effects of Beverages on the Properties of Additive Manufacturing Material

Objectives: It was hypothesized that exposure to selected test solutions (water, coke, wine, and gastric acid) would significantly alter the dental material properties. This study explored changes in color stability (CS), surface roughness (SR), flexural strength (FS), and hardness in a 3D printing resin intended for provisional restorations. The aim was to assess these changes and their implications for long-term performance and aesthetics.
Methods: Two hundred samples of 3D printing resin (Bego VarseoSmile Temp) were printed using SLA and divided into four groups for immersion in different solutions: water/saliva, coke, wine, and gastric juice. Assessments occurred at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. CS was evaluated through CIE2000, SR via Ra calculations, FS using a three-point bending test, and hardness through the Vickers hardness test. For color stability, surface roughness, and hardness assessments, 10 x 3 mm samples were used, while 25 x 2 x 2 mm were used to measure flexural strength.
Results: Hardness was affected by the period and the interaction between the period and solution (P <0.001). Hardness values declined after 21 days with a statistically significant difference from baseline (P > 0.05). The SR was not affected by any of the variables evaluated (P > 0.19). The FS was also unaffected by any evaluated variables (P > 0.174). CS was affected by the period, solution, and the interaction between the period and solution (P<0.001). After 7 days, the highest ΔE00 value was found after immersion in wine (3.17 (0.69); P < 0.001). After 14 days, immersion in wine (3.76 (0.67)) and in water (1.73 (0.63)) presented the highest values (P < 0.001). Wine caused the most significant color change, especially after 21 days (4.84 (0.75); P < 0.001).
Conclusions: The immersion duration and the solution type did not affect SR and FS properties. Hardness decreased over time across all solutions. The wine was the most staining solution, regardless of the immersion period.