IADR Abstract Archives
Surface Morphologies on an Additive-Manufactured Titanium Alloy for Biofilm Formation
Objectives: To assess the effect of a lattice structure for biofilm formation on titanium alloy disks fabricated using additive-manufacturing (AM).
Methods: Disks (10 mm dia. X 2 mm thick) of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy (grade 23) with and without a lattice structure on one surface were fabricated using a laser beam melting AM technique (Mlab cusing 200R) and lost-wax casting into a MgO-based investment using a centrifugal casting machine (Ticast Super R). The lattice layer was 1.0 mm deep. Teflon® disks of the same size were used as positive controls. After sterilizing specimens, each specimen (n=4-8/material) was placed in a well. Candida albicans (C. albicans, ATCC MYA2876) biofilm was formed using procedures described by Krom BP et al. (Candida albicans: vol.499: 55-62, 2009). 1 mL of the C. albicans suspension adjusted to optical density 1 was placed on each specimen. After 48-hour of biofilm growth, the viability of C. albicans adhering to each specimen was determined using a bioluminescence assay. The biofilm accumulation is expressed as values normalized to those of the Teflon® controls. The surface morphology (S-4000), roughness (VS1550) and contact angle (DMo-702) of each specimen were characterized. The experiment was performed twice. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s’ test (α=0.05).
Results: Biofilm accumulations were expressed as values normalized to Teflon® controls in Table.
Conclusions: Ti alloys fabricated by AM with lattice structure demonstrated significantly more accumulation of C. albicans biofilm than solid structure AM-fabricated alloys and Teflon®. Ti alloys with lattice structure may need to improve the resulting surface morphology to prevent biofilm accumulation.
Methods: Disks (10 mm dia. X 2 mm thick) of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy (grade 23) with and without a lattice structure on one surface were fabricated using a laser beam melting AM technique (Mlab cusing 200R) and lost-wax casting into a MgO-based investment using a centrifugal casting machine (Ticast Super R). The lattice layer was 1.0 mm deep. Teflon® disks of the same size were used as positive controls. After sterilizing specimens, each specimen (n=4-8/material) was placed in a well. Candida albicans (C. albicans, ATCC MYA2876) biofilm was formed using procedures described by Krom BP et al. (Candida albicans: vol.499: 55-62, 2009). 1 mL of the C. albicans suspension adjusted to optical density 1 was placed on each specimen. After 48-hour of biofilm growth, the viability of C. albicans adhering to each specimen was determined using a bioluminescence assay. The biofilm accumulation is expressed as values normalized to those of the Teflon® controls. The surface morphology (S-4000), roughness (VS1550) and contact angle (DMo-702) of each specimen were characterized. The experiment was performed twice. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s’ test (α=0.05).
Results: Biofilm accumulations were expressed as values normalized to Teflon® controls in Table.
Conclusions: Ti alloys fabricated by AM with lattice structure demonstrated significantly more accumulation of C. albicans biofilm than solid structure AM-fabricated alloys and Teflon®. Ti alloys with lattice structure may need to improve the resulting surface morphology to prevent biofilm accumulation.