IADR Abstract Archives
Alveolar Bone Microarchitecture in Postmenopausal People Living With HIV
Objectives: People living with HIV (PLWH) are living longer and in the United States; the majority are over the age of 50. Recent research suggests that PLWH do not have increased oral disease burden, but few studies assess the oral health of middle aged and older PLWH. Previous studies found that menopause potentiates skeletal long bone loss in PLWH but the effects of menopause and HIV status on alveolar bone have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate alveolar bone in postmenopausal PLWH.
Methods: 132 self-reported postmenopausal women were recruited (56 HIV-uninfected, 76 HIV-infected on combination antiretroviral therapy with virological suppression, mean age 57.04+/-6.25) from a single academic center. The following parameters were measured: serum estrogen levels, GCF cytokine levels (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1-beta, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8 , IL-10, IL-12, p70, IL-13, IL-17 A, OPG, and RANKL), probing depth, clinical attachment loss, number of teeth present, alveolar crestal height (ACH), bleeding on probing, and alveolar bone microarchitecture.
Results: Significantly more black women were in the HIV-infected cohort than in the HIV-uninfected cohort (HIV=68.4%, non-HIV=24%, p<0.001). There was a significant increase in RANKL expression (HIV=3.19+/-3.19, non-HIV=1.29+/-2.14, p<0.001), significant decrease in number of teeth present (HIV=17.75+/-7.62, non-HIV=22+/-5.92, p<0.001), increased alveolar bone loss (HIV ACH=3.26+/-1.28, non-HIV ACH=2.72+/-1.01, p=0.01), and alterations in alveolar bone microarchitectural parameters in the HIV-infected cohort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis (adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, smoking status, and diabetes) showed that HIV infection was significant for increased RANKL levels, decreased number of teeth, decreased trabecular number, and increased trabecular separation.
Conclusions: Postmenopausal PLWH have deterioration of the alveolar trabecular bone that may promote tooth loss.
Methods: 132 self-reported postmenopausal women were recruited (56 HIV-uninfected, 76 HIV-infected on combination antiretroviral therapy with virological suppression, mean age 57.04+/-6.25) from a single academic center. The following parameters were measured: serum estrogen levels, GCF cytokine levels (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1-beta, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8 , IL-10, IL-12, p70, IL-13, IL-17 A, OPG, and RANKL), probing depth, clinical attachment loss, number of teeth present, alveolar crestal height (ACH), bleeding on probing, and alveolar bone microarchitecture.
Results: Significantly more black women were in the HIV-infected cohort than in the HIV-uninfected cohort (HIV=68.4%, non-HIV=24%, p<0.001). There was a significant increase in RANKL expression (HIV=3.19+/-3.19, non-HIV=1.29+/-2.14, p<0.001), significant decrease in number of teeth present (HIV=17.75+/-7.62, non-HIV=22+/-5.92, p<0.001), increased alveolar bone loss (HIV ACH=3.26+/-1.28, non-HIV ACH=2.72+/-1.01, p=0.01), and alterations in alveolar bone microarchitectural parameters in the HIV-infected cohort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis (adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, smoking status, and diabetes) showed that HIV infection was significant for increased RANKL levels, decreased number of teeth, decreased trabecular number, and increased trabecular separation.
Conclusions: Postmenopausal PLWH have deterioration of the alveolar trabecular bone that may promote tooth loss.