IADR Abstract Archives
Effects of Mouthwash on Periodontopathic Bacteria in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Objectives: Periodontal disease has a reciprocal effect on diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, while gargling with mouthwash is known to prevent periodontal disease by inhibiting periodontal pathogens. However, the effects of mouthwash on oral and systemic conditions in diabetes mellitus patients remain unknown. The present study examined changes in numbers of red complex species, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, and also HbA1c, a marker indicating diabetes mellitus control status, in association with gargling with mouthwash.
Methods: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry (approval no. R2-E16). One hundred forty diabetes mellitus patients who regularly visited an internal medical clinic in Osaka Japan were enrolled. They were instructed to gargle with tap water for six months, followed by gargling for six months with ConCool F (Weltec, Inc., Osaka, Japan), which contains chlorhexidine gluconate. Saliva specimens were collected and bacterial DNA extracted, then PCR testing was performed to detect red complex species. Using a blood examination, HbA1c level was also determined at each visit. Intergroup differences were analyzed using Student’s t-test or analysis of variance. Bonferroni correction was used for post-hoc analysis.
Results: The numbers of red complex species did not change after gargling with water, whereas those were significantly decreased by gargling with the mouthwash (P<0.01). After dividing the subjects into younger (≤64 years, n=51) and older (≥65 years, n=89), the numbers of red complex species and HbA1c level were significantly lower in the younger group after mouthwash gargling (P<0.05).
Conclusions: These results obtained with diabetes mellitus patients suggest a reduction in red complex species associated with gargling with mouthwash, leading to possible improvement in diabetes mellitus status, especially in younger patients.
Methods: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry (approval no. R2-E16). One hundred forty diabetes mellitus patients who regularly visited an internal medical clinic in Osaka Japan were enrolled. They were instructed to gargle with tap water for six months, followed by gargling for six months with ConCool F (Weltec, Inc., Osaka, Japan), which contains chlorhexidine gluconate. Saliva specimens were collected and bacterial DNA extracted, then PCR testing was performed to detect red complex species. Using a blood examination, HbA1c level was also determined at each visit. Intergroup differences were analyzed using Student’s t-test or analysis of variance. Bonferroni correction was used for post-hoc analysis.
Results: The numbers of red complex species did not change after gargling with water, whereas those were significantly decreased by gargling with the mouthwash (P<0.01). After dividing the subjects into younger (≤64 years, n=51) and older (≥65 years, n=89), the numbers of red complex species and HbA1c level were significantly lower in the younger group after mouthwash gargling (P<0.05).
Conclusions: These results obtained with diabetes mellitus patients suggest a reduction in red complex species associated with gargling with mouthwash, leading to possible improvement in diabetes mellitus status, especially in younger patients.