Jawbone Response to Immediate Loading After Osseodensification: a Finite Element Analysis

Objectives: Dental implant stability is crucial for successful osseointegration. The purpose of this work is to compare the response to immediate loading after conventional implant drilling (CD) and ossedensification drilling (OD), using finite element analysis to investigate the possible effect on dental implant primary stability.
Methods: Four edentulous patients were scanned by cone beam CT scanners. The scans were adapted for a finite element model, both drilling techniques have been simulated, and each subjected to immediate loading. In conventional drilling, the bone region surrounding the implant was assumed to be homogenous. The area surrounding the implant site in the OD models, that is the osseodensified region, was assumed to be non-homogeneous and the density followed a non-linear pattern.A buccolingual oblique load of 200 N was applied to the top of the abutment of each type.
Results: The maximum extent of micromotion was significantly influenced by the density of cancellous bone. Cortical and trabecular bone showed higher Von Mises’ stresses when immediately loaded after CD, in comparison to OD Von Mises’ stress values.The maximum micromotion at the bone-implant interface in the immediate loading models was in CD reaching 7.3-14.8μm.
Conclusions: The type of bone in which a technique is applied appears to have a major effect on the Von Mises stress response to immediate loading, with the ratio of cortical to trabecular bone being predictive of the response.