IADR Abstract Archives
From Chairside to Bench: OSF Prevalence and Betel Quid Assessment
Objectives: This multi-vectored study aimed to gain pivotal information of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) in Indonesia, with particular emphasis on submucous fibrosis (OSF). The laboratory study investigated various Indonesian betel quid (BQ) components and its effects on oral mucosal cells.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken to know OPMD prevalence and risk factors. This part was conducted in multiple geographical regions: West Java (WJ), Jakarta, West Papua (WP), West Kalimantan (WK) and Banda Aceh (BA). The laboratory study investigated BQ components from the studied regions for total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP), radical scavenging activity (DPPH), polyphenols and arecoline content using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). These compounds were then used in cell cytotoxicity tests to see the pathobiology effect of various BQs on primary oral fibroblast (MMF-1) and oral keratinocyte (OKF-6).
Results: A total of 973 participants were enrolled. An OPMD was detected in 14.82%. Of these, the prevalence of OSF was 24% (n=33). The highest TPC, FRAP, and DPPH values were measured in areca nuts (AN), while samples from WP region were of higher values compared to other regions. HPLC analysis detected arecoline in all AN and BQ mixture while polyphenols were mostly present in betel husk. AN extract from WP and BA exhibited cytotoxicity on OKF-6 respectively, at 100 μg/ml and 5000 μg/ml reached after 48 -hour of incubation, as indicated by 50% decrease of cell viability (IC50). However, none of BQ components exhibited cytotoxicity to MMF-1 at the concentration used for up to 72 hours.
Conclusions: Indonesia has an underestimated high prevalence of OSF, which is strongly associated with BQ chewing habit. We showed that the different composition of BQs correlated with the number of OPMD in different regions and had a distinctive cytotoxicity profiles in stromal and epithelial cells of oral cavity.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken to know OPMD prevalence and risk factors. This part was conducted in multiple geographical regions: West Java (WJ), Jakarta, West Papua (WP), West Kalimantan (WK) and Banda Aceh (BA). The laboratory study investigated BQ components from the studied regions for total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP), radical scavenging activity (DPPH), polyphenols and arecoline content using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). These compounds were then used in cell cytotoxicity tests to see the pathobiology effect of various BQs on primary oral fibroblast (MMF-1) and oral keratinocyte (OKF-6).
Results: A total of 973 participants were enrolled. An OPMD was detected in 14.82%. Of these, the prevalence of OSF was 24% (n=33). The highest TPC, FRAP, and DPPH values were measured in areca nuts (AN), while samples from WP region were of higher values compared to other regions. HPLC analysis detected arecoline in all AN and BQ mixture while polyphenols were mostly present in betel husk. AN extract from WP and BA exhibited cytotoxicity on OKF-6 respectively, at 100 μg/ml and 5000 μg/ml reached after 48 -hour of incubation, as indicated by 50% decrease of cell viability (IC50). However, none of BQ components exhibited cytotoxicity to MMF-1 at the concentration used for up to 72 hours.
Conclusions: Indonesia has an underestimated high prevalence of OSF, which is strongly associated with BQ chewing habit. We showed that the different composition of BQs correlated with the number of OPMD in different regions and had a distinctive cytotoxicity profiles in stromal and epithelial cells of oral cavity.
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