New Regenerative Approach of Bony Defects in Diabetic Rats

Objectives: To investigate the effect of a newly developed antimicrobial MgO Nano gel on bone healing of bony defects in diabetic rats.
Methods: A novel Nano gel of 1% MgO NPs was first formulated, developed and prepared. Fourteen Albino adult male rats (N=14) with average body weight 250-300 g, were used in this study. Diabetes type 2 was induced in the rats, by the injection of Streptozotocin (35 mg /kg/bw) intraperitoneally. Bilateral calvarial defects (5 mm) were created in each rat. An absorbable gelatin sponge impregnated with the prepared 1% MgO gel was inserted in one side and another sponge with glycerin only in the other side as control. After 6 weeks, animals were sacrified, bone was dissected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Micro computerized tomography (Micro CT) was used to analyze the bone deposition and healing of the defects. Then, Bone was decalcified, sectioned into thin sections and stained for light microscopic examination. Results were analyzed by one-way AONVA at significance (p < 0.05).
Results: Micro CT analysis showed that defects filled with1% MgO NPs had a statistically significant increase of new bone deposition than the defects treated with glycerin (p<0.05).Histological examination confirmed the Micro CT results and revealed a significantly higher osteoblastic activity with more bone trabeculae in the defect treated with 1% MgO nanogel than the control sites.
Conclusions: The novel antimicrobial MgO NPs gel provides a promising route to improve bone regeneration in bony defects of type 2 diabetics.