IADR Abstract Archives
Adverse Effects of the Bite-Raised Condition: A Systematic Review
Objectives: Recent studies highlighted the influence of masticatory function on memory and cognition. The relationship between chewing and the central nervous system is of considerable importance, during both growing and ageing. Here we provide a critical review in animals and humans of the effects of the bite-raised condition that is actually widespread in orthodontics ,in both developing and ageing patients, and abruptly alters the customary occlusion.
Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Original articles were searched through Pubmed, Cochrane Central database and Embase until December 2018. Additional studies were taken from reference lists of previous review articles .The “related articles” tool was used to improve the PubMed searches. Unpublished studies, grey literature or studies not published in English were excluded.
Results: 242 articles were identified through database searching. After removing the duplicates, 198 articles were screened by reviewing the abstracts. 27 full text articles were assessed for eligibility and, after 6 exclusions, 21 articles were included in the review process. Studies selected by the review process chiefly concerned animals, with 1 study on human subjects. Histological, molecular, biochemical and electromyographical studies investigating the effects of the bite-raised condition were included, evaluated and described.
Conclusions: The bite-raised condition has been shown to be a source of stress and to induce hypersensitivity to novel forms of stress, to affect the structure of the hippocampus and its role in memory and spatial orientation, and to disrupt mastication. The Authors concluded in agreement that occlusal stability is crucial for neuromuscular coordination. Though extensively used, the implications of bite-raising techniques are not yet well known by clinicians; their effects, extending well beyond the boundaries of the oral cavity, constitute a risk, particularly in the care of adolescent patients.
Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Original articles were searched through Pubmed, Cochrane Central database and Embase until December 2018. Additional studies were taken from reference lists of previous review articles .The “related articles” tool was used to improve the PubMed searches. Unpublished studies, grey literature or studies not published in English were excluded.
Results: 242 articles were identified through database searching. After removing the duplicates, 198 articles were screened by reviewing the abstracts. 27 full text articles were assessed for eligibility and, after 6 exclusions, 21 articles were included in the review process. Studies selected by the review process chiefly concerned animals, with 1 study on human subjects. Histological, molecular, biochemical and electromyographical studies investigating the effects of the bite-raised condition were included, evaluated and described.
Conclusions: The bite-raised condition has been shown to be a source of stress and to induce hypersensitivity to novel forms of stress, to affect the structure of the hippocampus and its role in memory and spatial orientation, and to disrupt mastication. The Authors concluded in agreement that occlusal stability is crucial for neuromuscular coordination. Though extensively used, the implications of bite-raising techniques are not yet well known by clinicians; their effects, extending well beyond the boundaries of the oral cavity, constitute a risk, particularly in the care of adolescent patients.
