A Marine Oxygen Carrier (M101) Displays Anti-infective and Pro-healing Properties in P.gingivalis Elicited Inflammation Models

Objectives: Control of infection and inflammation is crucial for the success of periodontal treatment. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the potential use of a marine oxygen carrier isolated from the lugworm Arenicola marina (M101) to reduce inflammation induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) in vitro and in vivo.
Methods: In vitro, the effect of M101 on the metabolic activity of human oral epithelial cells, oral fibroblasts and osteoblasts was evaluated by AlamarBlue assay to confirm its safety for use. The anti-bacterial properties of M101 (1g/l) were evaluated by treating a Pg biofilm grown on glass discs and titanium surfaces through RTqPCR, Live/Dead staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vivo, pro-healing effect of M101 was evaluated in a Pg induced calvarial abscess model.
Results: Concentrations of M101 up to 2g/l were shown to be cytocompatible in all tested cell types. Treatment of Pg biofilms grown on both glass and titanium by M101 (1g/l; 2h) reduced significantly Pg related gene expression (3 folds). This antibacterial property was further confirmed by live dead staining and SEM. In vivo, the Pg-elicited lesion size was significantly reduced by M101 injection vs untreated control (2.6 folds after 5 days). Histomorphometric analysis revealed improved quantity and quality of bone (with less lacunae) at lesions treated with M101 (1g/l). Calvarial soft tissue inflammation was also significantly reduced at treated sites.
Conclusions: The anti-infective and anti-inflammatory properties of M101 should be considered as a breakthrough innovative adjuvant to periodontal treatment. An insight on molecular mechanisms involved should be considered for future research.