IADR Abstract Archives
Influence of Preheating on Viscosity and Stickiness of Composite Resins
Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of preheating on viscosity and stickiness of composite resins.
Methods: Five conventional condensable composite resins (GrandioSO/GS/VOCO, Clearfil Majesty Posterior/CMP/Kuraray, Venus Pearl/VP/Kulzer, Ecosite Elements Pure/EEP/DMG, Filtek Supreme XTE/FS/3M), one condensable preheatable bulk-fill composite resin (VisCalor bulk/VC/VOCO) and six flowable composite resins (GrandioSO Flow/GSF/VOCO, GrandioSO Light Flow/GSL/VOCO, Clearfil majesty flow/CMF/Kuraray, Venus Diamond flow/VDF/Kulzer, Ecosite Element Highlight/EEH/DMG, Filtek Supreme XTE Flowable/FSF/3M) were tested. For viscosity measurements, dynamic strain and oscillatory temperature sweep tests were performed in a plate-to-plate rheometer at five different temperatures (23,30,37,45,54°C). Stickiness was measured for the six condensable materials in the same rheometer at equal temperatures by determining unplugging force and unplugging work with an upper plate of 8mm diameter. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, two-way ANOVA, Tukey Post-Hoc and Pearson correlation tests (p=0.05).
Results: Condensable resin composites showed a significant difference in viscosity at 23°C compared to all elevated temperatures (p<0.05). At 23°C EEP showed the lowest viscosity, VP the highest. CMP showed the smallest reduction (30%) in viscosity from 23°C (10.46±0.13kPas) to 54°C (7.00±0.15kPas). The viscosity of VC decreased the most (82%) in the same temperature range. Concerning viscosity of the flowable composites, no statistically significant differences were observed between different temperatures (p>0.05). Stickiness measurements of the condensable resin composites showed a decreasing unplugging force with temperature. Contrary unplugging work generally increased at elevated temperatures. No statistically significant difference could be found for VC’s unplugging work at 23°C and 54°C. Pearson correlation analysis between viscosity and stickiness showed a moderate correlation.
Conclusions: Preheating reduced the viscosity of condensable composites but had no influence on the flowable materials. Stickiness increased in general at higher temperatures. VisCalor bulk showed a viscous behavior similar to flowables at 54°C whilst keeping stickiness not significantly different to the values at 23°C.
Methods: Five conventional condensable composite resins (GrandioSO/GS/VOCO, Clearfil Majesty Posterior/CMP/Kuraray, Venus Pearl/VP/Kulzer, Ecosite Elements Pure/EEP/DMG, Filtek Supreme XTE/FS/3M), one condensable preheatable bulk-fill composite resin (VisCalor bulk/VC/VOCO) and six flowable composite resins (GrandioSO Flow/GSF/VOCO, GrandioSO Light Flow/GSL/VOCO, Clearfil majesty flow/CMF/Kuraray, Venus Diamond flow/VDF/Kulzer, Ecosite Element Highlight/EEH/DMG, Filtek Supreme XTE Flowable/FSF/3M) were tested. For viscosity measurements, dynamic strain and oscillatory temperature sweep tests were performed in a plate-to-plate rheometer at five different temperatures (23,30,37,45,54°C). Stickiness was measured for the six condensable materials in the same rheometer at equal temperatures by determining unplugging force and unplugging work with an upper plate of 8mm diameter. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, two-way ANOVA, Tukey Post-Hoc and Pearson correlation tests (p=0.05).
Results: Condensable resin composites showed a significant difference in viscosity at 23°C compared to all elevated temperatures (p<0.05). At 23°C EEP showed the lowest viscosity, VP the highest. CMP showed the smallest reduction (30%) in viscosity from 23°C (10.46±0.13kPas) to 54°C (7.00±0.15kPas). The viscosity of VC decreased the most (82%) in the same temperature range. Concerning viscosity of the flowable composites, no statistically significant differences were observed between different temperatures (p>0.05). Stickiness measurements of the condensable resin composites showed a decreasing unplugging force with temperature. Contrary unplugging work generally increased at elevated temperatures. No statistically significant difference could be found for VC’s unplugging work at 23°C and 54°C. Pearson correlation analysis between viscosity and stickiness showed a moderate correlation.
Conclusions: Preheating reduced the viscosity of condensable composites but had no influence on the flowable materials. Stickiness increased in general at higher temperatures. VisCalor bulk showed a viscous behavior similar to flowables at 54°C whilst keeping stickiness not significantly different to the values at 23°C.