A New Three-dimensional Electrospun Biopolymer Point for Endodontic Regeneration

Objectives: A novel three-dimensional (3D) point scaffold composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) was designed and fabricated by electrospinning. The scaffolds consisted of either random or aligned nanofibers in flat sheets or points that mimic a design used during existing endodontic therapies.

Methods: PCL flat sheet (control) and 3D PCL points according to the speed rotation (500, 15.000 or 35.000 rpm) were performed. The surface characterization, cytotoxicity and the cellular adhesion/proliferation on these scaffolds were evaluated. The surface characterization and fiber diameters were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) adhesion and proliferation was investigated after 1 and 7 days of culture using fluorescence microscopy. The cytotoxicity was evaluated after 1, 4 or 7 days of culture by Alamar Blue assay.

Results: The surface characterization showed that PCL point 5 and PCL point 35 presented a parallel fibers pattern different from PCL (control) that had irregular surfaces. Also, the fiber diameter was significant thinner in PCL points than PCL (control). PCL point 15 and PCL point 35 supported the attachment and proliferation of ADSC over a 7th day culture period and cells elongated on nanofiber. All PCL and PCL points presented low cytotoxic after 1, 4 or 7 days. Also, ADSC adhesion was observed by using SEM in all scaffolds.

Conclusions: Overall, the reported data support the conclusion that 3D PCL points hold a great potential in the development of a bioactive scaffold for regenerative endodontics.