3D Printing for Deciduous Anatomy Teaching

Objectives: Students learn anatomy well using extracted teeth, however, when learning the anatomy of deciduous teeth, students can struggle to identify key structures due to the small nature of these teeth. The aim of this study was to collect data on dental students’ perception of 3D printed and virtual reality (VR) models of deciduous teeth. A questionnaire was designed and created to assess student’s opinions of the enlarged and digital models.
Methods: A selection of deciduous teeth (intact and absorbed root) were imaged using micro-CT at a resolution of 15 μm. The reconstructed volumes were 3D printed using stereolithography techniques. The reproduced deciduous models were printed to a scale factor of 4×, and at a resolution of 25μm. An opaque white plastic was used for the models, as well as models with an opaque enamel layer and transparent dentine (with painted pulp). A ten-question questionnaire was given to students in anatomy classes for first to final year students to evaluate the 3D printed models. Another ten-question questionnaire was given to prospectus dental students regarding the VR models.
Results: Results from the 3D printed models (127 returned questionnaires) showed 46% of first years said they could identify the model, 87% of the group said it was due to the larger sizes. Overall, 99% of students said they would use the models again. Feedback showed that the students would like to see realistic colouring on the models as well as more information regarding the background of the real tooth. Feedback from the VR questionnaire (103 returned) showed a willingness from students to use the technique and a better understanding of the anatomy.
Conclusions: From the questionnaires, a high response rate stated the larger sizes made it easier to understand the anatomy of the usually small deciduous teeth, demonstrating the possibility of introducing 3D printed models and VR into anatomy courses. Critical feedback from the students could be solved by combining the two techniques.