IADR Abstract Archives
The effect of non-tobacco-based nicotine pouch on snus-induced lesions
Objectives: Snus-induced lesions (SILs) in the oral mucosa, where a pouch is placed, is commonly found in snus users. These lesions are reversible i.e. clinical and histologically tissue changes are back to normal following cessation of snus habit. However, the exact mechanisms behind these changes are unknown.
The main aim of the study was to investigate to which extent ZYN® has the potential to produce SILs at the site of application in the oral cavity. The second aim was to compare the effects of ZYN® to regular tobacco-containing snus products, on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mononuclear cells in vitro.
Methods: Subjects (n=57) were encouraged to substitute their snus with the ZYN® test products. Clinical visits were scheduled at baseline, after 2, 4 and 6 weeks. SILs at the site where participants typically place their pouch were assessed using a 4-degree scale.
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (n=11) were exposed to ZYN® and 4 different Swedish snus products for 24 h in vitro.Bio-Plex Pro™ assay was used for analysis of 48 different cytokines.
Results: There was a statistically significant change in the degree of lesions at the placement of the pouch between baseline and 6 weeks with a reduction from 2.2 ± 1.1 to 1.2 ± 1.1.
All tested snus products showed significantly higher production of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to unstimulated cells and ZYN® products.
Conclusions: The study showed that increased usage of ZYN® products improved oral mucosal lesions in healthy regular snus users.
Regular snus induced significant production of inflammatogenic cytokines in vitro, compared to untreated control cells. ZYN® on the other hand, did not increase cytokine levels compared to the control. This may be related to the improved clinical appearance of the oral mucosa in the subjects that used ZYN® test articles.
The main aim of the study was to investigate to which extent ZYN® has the potential to produce SILs at the site of application in the oral cavity. The second aim was to compare the effects of ZYN® to regular tobacco-containing snus products, on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mononuclear cells in vitro.
Methods: Subjects (n=57) were encouraged to substitute their snus with the ZYN® test products. Clinical visits were scheduled at baseline, after 2, 4 and 6 weeks. SILs at the site where participants typically place their pouch were assessed using a 4-degree scale.
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (n=11) were exposed to ZYN® and 4 different Swedish snus products for 24 h in vitro.Bio-Plex Pro™ assay was used for analysis of 48 different cytokines.
Results: There was a statistically significant change in the degree of lesions at the placement of the pouch between baseline and 6 weeks with a reduction from 2.2 ± 1.1 to 1.2 ± 1.1.
All tested snus products showed significantly higher production of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to unstimulated cells and ZYN® products.
Conclusions: The study showed that increased usage of ZYN® products improved oral mucosal lesions in healthy regular snus users.
Regular snus induced significant production of inflammatogenic cytokines in vitro, compared to untreated control cells. ZYN® on the other hand, did not increase cytokine levels compared to the control. This may be related to the improved clinical appearance of the oral mucosa in the subjects that used ZYN® test articles.