Saliva Microbial Composition of Patients with Papillon-Lefèvre Disease

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the relative abundance of Bacteria and Archaea domains in the saliva of three sisters with Papillon-Lefèvre Disease (PLD).
Methods: Saliva samples were collected in the morning. Patients were asked to reframe from drinking and eating 2 hours before sampling. Two PLD patients were toothless (PLD-TL) and one had 13 teeth (PLD-T). Non-stimulated saliva was collected by expectorating for 5 minutes and stored at -20°C until further process. DNA was manually extracted using phenyl-chloroforme. After that, PCR for partial amplification of the 16S rRNA was performed by using the universal primers 515F/806R, which was sequenced at high throughput ion PGM platform. Annotation of sequences was performed using SILVA database and the relative abundance of genus level OTUS was calculated. No statistical test was performed according to the limited number of individuals and rare disease.
Results: Differences between bacterial compositions were observed in saliva microbiota of edentulous sisters and the sister that had tooth with aggressive periodontitis. Edentulous sisters presented high relative abundance of Streptococcus sp. (29.62%), Haemophilus sp. (16.17%) and Prevotella sp. (10.70%); while the sister with tooth presented higher relative abundance of Fusobacterium sp. (34.69%), Paludibacteraceae sp. F0058 (24.54%) and Treponema sp. (17.74%). The top ten most relative abundant bacterial genus observed on PLD sisters represented a common microbiota of chronic periodontal disease, not justifying the aggressiveness of the periodontal disease that affects these patients. No significant proportions of Aggregatibacter sp. were observed (0.06%) in the two edentulous sisters and no presence at toothed sister.
Conclusions: Microbial composition of PLD patients changes in edentulous condition. Saliva bacterial composition of PLD does not explain the phenotypic characteristics of early tooth loss due to aggressive periodontitis. These results suggest that PLD periodontal disease aggressiveness may be linked to an immune response.