Factors Affecting Peri-Implant Health: Preliminary Data from a Retrospective Study.

Objectives: Dental implants are widely accepted treatment options with high success rates. However, systemic and local factors affect implant stability over time. The purpose of this study is to evaluate various factors on peri-implant bone health.
Methods: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Detroit Mercy (IRB No.1516-57). Ninety-six patient charts (age: ≥18 year) who received dental implants at the University of Detroit Mercy Dental Clinic were reviewed. Data related to 1) Smoking, 2) peri-implant bone levels using peri-apical radiographs based on International Congress of Oral Implantology (ICOI) categories, and 3) Follow-up month was extracted.
Results: Forty-six out 96 charts had relevant data that can be analyzed. Logistic regression analysis revealed neither age, gender, smoking status nor history of periodontitis were significantly associated with changes in ICOI category over 54-60 month follow-up (P>0.05). However, when the regression model was adjusted for the presence of all variables, smoking (odds ratio [OR] 11.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14, 107.81) and gender (OR 7.21; 95% CI 1.03, 50.30) became significant indicating that current smokers and females were at greater odds of change in ICOI.
Conclusions: Statistical analysis reveals smokers and females are at greater risk of changes in peri-implant bone health.