Psychological Disorders, Health Behaviors, and Oral Outcomes

Objectives: Mental health and physical health are two key components that determine how an individual is able to function day to day. Poor mental health can have adverse effects on an individual's overall health and has shown to negatively impact oral health. Research suggests that people with anxiety, depression, and other psychological disorders may experience a decline in oral health. The intent of this research was to determine if the behavior of patients with psychological disorders has an effect on oral health outcomes.
Methods: From the 6,075 participants on the Dental Registry and DNA Repository project, patients taking escitalopram oxalate (Lexapro), alprazolam (Xanax), sertraline (Zoloft), and fluoxetine (Prozac) were selected. 523 individuals were available and their behavior pertaining to their oral and general health, based on having regular cleanings and being under the care of a physician was recorded. These data were used to test if there are differences in frequency of specific oral outcomes (having oral infections, having the need for oral surgery, endodontic treatment, periodontal treatment, and prosthodontic treatment) depending on the behavior. Chi-square with an alpha of 0.05 was used in all comparisons.
Results: 333 individuals had their teeth cleaned regularly and 190 did not (Table). Individuals who had their teeth cleaned had more oral infections (p=0.002), root canal treatment (0.02), and periodontitis (p=0.04) in comparison to the individuals who did not have their teeth cleaned. Then, among the individuals who cleaned their teeth, 318 had information about having a physician. Individuals under the care of a physician (N=235) had more oral infections (p=0.04) and prosthodontic treatment (p=0.08).
Conclusions: People who are using medication to treat a psychological disorder will have additional dental needs despite receiving regular cleanings or being under the care of a physician.