Modified Implant Site Preparation Method To Increase Primary Implant Stability

Objectives: Objective: The attainment of high primary stability, which plays an essential role in successful osseointegration, is difficult in posterior regions where bone quality is poor. The goal of this human cadaver study was to analyze the primary stability of dental implants placed by using three different surgical techniques.
Methods: Methods: Forty implants were placed into five human cadaver mandibles. The bone density of each implant recipient site was recorded with computerized tomography (CT) in Hounsfield Units (HU). One control (Group C) and two test groups (Groups T1 and T2) were allocated with respect to the size of implant socket preparation. For all implant site preparations, a 2mm- and a 3mm-diameter drill were used in full length. Then, a final twist drill with 3.8mm diameter was used in the control group. In the test groups, the last two twist drills with 3.4mm and 3.8mm diameters were not used in full depth to ensure undersized implant site preparation. The peak insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis values were measured.
Results: Results: The mean bone density values were 417±53 HU in Group C, 336±40 HU in Group T1, and 275±67 HU in Group T2. These values indicated statistical significant differences between Group C and T1 (p < 0.05), Group T1 and T2 (p < 0.05), and Group C and T2 (p < 0.01). Higher insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis values were found in the test groups with lower bone density values when compared to the control group with greater bone density values. When all 40 implants were considered, no statistically significant correlations were noted between bone density and insertion torque values (p > 0.05), and bone density and RFA values (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: Conclusion: The outcomes of this study indicate that primary implant stability can be amplified by undersizing implant site preparation.