Method: It was observed the dental surface affected by pigmentation, its distribution, color, occurrence of cavitation, texture, presence or absence of radiolucency, treatment type and microorganisms that were more frequent. The software Statistica version 9 was applied for the statistical analysis with chi-squared test, linear correlation, Komolgorov-Smirnov and Lilliefor, and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance at 5% level of confidence.
Result: The second molars were most affected. Predominance of the occlusal surface (67.74%) was significant for all teeth and partial distribution pattern of pigmentation (75.48%) and color brown (85.81%). Occurrence of cavitation was higher in 6 months, decreasing with time, although not statistically significant for all groups. Most of the teeth (95%) maintained the hard texture during the periods of evaluation. Restorative procedure was performed in 15% of the teeth. The radiographic analysis revealed a higher frequency of absence of radiolucent (score 0). There was a prevalence of microorganisms actinomyces. Quantitative alteration of cariogenic cocos was observed only in decayed teeth.
Conclusion: Pits and fissures pigmented did not necessarily mean the occurrence of caries and clinical monitoring in primary molars with these characteristics is reasonable and provide better results in patients that are attended by programs of routine dental assistance.