Method: These were made of pure titanium grade 2, which were divided into four groups: G1: dense; G2: 40% porosity; G3: G1+TB; G4: G2+TB. The specimens were subjected to metallographic analysis and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). For in vitro study, osteogenic cells were obtained from the calvaria of newborn rats. The cell adhesion was evaluated after 24 hours. For cell proliferation analysis, total protein content and alkaline phosphatase cells were cultured during 7, 10 and 14 days. The cultures were stained with 2% Alizarin red S to detect matrix mineralization nodules. In in vivo study, the specimens of each group was inserted in the tibia of 20 rabbits, which were divided into four groups according to the time of euthanasia: 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The bone repair around the specimens was evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically.
Result: The metallographic analysis showed that porous specimens had interconnected pores with different morphology. The EDS analysis confirmed TB success. In in vitro and in vivo tests, the porous specimens exhibited greater cellular activity and bone formation, respectively.
Conclusion:
It was concluded that the porosity is the best surface to induce cell growth and bone formation, and TB accelerates osteoblastic activity.