Importance of direct Microscopic examination in the prognosis Periodontal Disease

Objectives:Microbiological examination of periodontal disease has been well established through numerous studies that contributed to define the etiology,stage,disease type and treatment. This is an immediate appeal,which can be very useful in the prognosis of the disease as well as tuberculosis in humans.Direct microscopy record is clearly and quickly define the degree of infection,the presence of cells indicating the type of inflammation,predominant bacterial morphologies and other bacteria involved in many cases of periodontitis,such as the species of the genus Treponema The aim of this study was to demonstrate the agreement obtained between the direct microscopic examination and culture.Materials methods:We selected 52 cases of periodontitis of the Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde–Norte(Portugal) and from private dental clinic,whose samples were submitted to the laboratory of oral microbiology. Gram stain was used for direct microscopic examination and Vago stain for Spirochetes; and culture for isolation and identification of anaerobic and capnophilic bacteria.Results:In 92% the patients the cocci-bacilli Gram negative were observed of the samples belonged in to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia and/orPorphyromonas gingivalis in the culture.In 64% of curved bacilli Gram negative corresponded to Campylobacter spp;55% of fusiform bacilli Gram negative corresponded to Fusobacterium,and 91% of thin and length bacilli Gram negative corresponded to Capnocytophaga spp.Among the Gram positive bacteria,50 % of the Cocci forms matched with the identification of Peptostreptococcus and 79% of the Bacilli forms matched with Eubacterium spp With the Vago stain was observed 77% of the morphotypes corresponding to Spirochetes.In all the cases,a strong inflammatory response,were observed polymorphic nuclear leukocytes in microscopic examination. Conclusions:Based on our results we advocated that direct microscopic examination of lesions from periodontal disease translate in real time the status of disease and permits to establish a prognosis until culture results. This exam,longtime underestimated and replaced by more advanced technologies cannot be missed.