Methods: The argument pros and cons for each of potential mechanisms proposed for the cause of the subluxation of the disk shall be extensively researched and reviewed using the general literature.
Results: The TMJ disk is attached anteriorly via the SLPM, and a large variation among humans exists as to the extent of this attachment. Even anatomists such as Netter and Gray are portraying the attachment sites differently. It was found by researcher that in individuals with SPLM attachment directly to the disk, a statistically significant percentage had ADD compared to those who did not. Attached posteriorly via the Bilaminar zone, whose main role is to insure the disk doesn't move to far anteriorly. The pad has elastic properties that infer to it the ability needed to push back the disk. Hence, losing its elastic recoil would render its function impossible. Attached medially and laterally via the Collateral Discal ligaments, consider by some the Achilles heal of the TMJ. The TMJ is surrounded by the synovium and synovial fluid, which provide lubrication and nutrition to the TMJ. Nitzan, a proponent of arthrocentesis, showed that it is the extent of the lubrication is causing the TMJ to function properly.
Conclusions: Although not enough conclusive evidence exists to confirm a single modality, this disease is most likely multifactorial each must play a role. Moreover, anyone of them could trigger the chain reaction leading to the disease.