Expression of Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors During Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Chemokines are small chemotactic cytokines involved in inflammatory reactions and produced by various cell types (leukocytes, fibroblasts, epithelial and endothelial cells). While they were discovered on the basis of their activity as leukocyte chemo-attractants, they were found to play an important role in bone remodeling by recruiting osteoclasts. Since bone remodeling and inflammation occur during orthodontic tooth movement, it is important to evaluate the expression of chemokines during this process. Objectives: The goal of this study was to investigate the expression of different chemokines and their receptors during different stages of orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: 30 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control and experimental groups. In experimental group, forces were applied to the maxillary first molar using a NiTi coil spring (50cN). In the control group the coils were not activated. The maxillae were dissected and RNA was isolated at different times after initiation of force application. Expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors was evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results: Expression of 12 chemokines increased 2 to 26 fold. Chemokines expressed early during force application include Ccl 20, Ccl 2, Ccl 12, Ccl 5, while other chemokines (Ccl 9, Cxcl 11, Ccl 25 and Cxcl 10) increased at later stages. In addition, the expression of the chemokine receptors, Cx3cr1, Ccr1, Ccr5 and Ccr2, was elevated at early stages. Conclusion: Chemokine expression was elevated as early as 12 hours after orthodontic force application, and high levels maintained during 14 days of tooth movement. This expression pattern suggest the recruitment and presence of different cell types into the area of tooth movement, at particular stages: lymphocytes, macrophages, osteoclasts at the earlier stages, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, fibroblast and endothelial cells two weeks later. This work was supported by the NYU College of Dentistry and NIDCR (5K08DE017426).
Division: IADR/PER General Session
Meeting:2010 IADR/PER General Session (Barcelona, Spain) Location: Barcelona, Spain
Year: 2010 Final Presentation ID:190 Abstract Category|Abstract Category(s):Craniofacial Biology
Authors
Khoo, Edmund
( New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
)
Tran, Jade
( New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
)
Lee, Insong
( New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
)
Hong, Wei Hsin
( CTOR, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
)
Liu, Yuexun
( New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
)
Sharma, Vishal
( New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
)
Teixeira, Cristina
( New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
)
Alikhani, Mani
( New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
)