Objectives: This study evaluates the effect of three different polishing systems (PoGo polishers, Enhance, Venus Supra) on six direct resin composites (Gradia Direct, Venus, Venus Diamond, Enamel Plus HFO, Tetric Evoceram, Filtek Supreme XT). The polishing effect was evaluated in terms of smoother surface roughness, as measured with atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Methods: For each composite, twenty square specimens (10mm2, thickness=1.5mm) were prepared packing each uncured composite into a polytetrafluoroethylene square mold with an amalgam condenser. Each group of specimens was divided into four subgroups according to the polishing system: PoGo polishers, Enhance, Venus Supra. An unpolished resin polymerized on a glass surface was used as a best-case control. Surface roughness was determined with AFM by measuring Root Mean Square (RMS) of average height in two dimensional ranges (50×50mm2 and 5×5mm2). Results were analyzed by ANOVA test. A p-value<0.05 was considered significant.
Results:
| Gradia Direct
| Venus
| Venus Diamond
| Enamel Plus HFO
| Tetric Evoceram
| Filtek Supreme XT
|
| Mean RMS±SD (mm)
| |||||
50×50mm
|
| |||||
PoGo polisher
| 0.42±0.09*
| 0.34±0.03*
| 0.98±0.04*
| 0.53±0.10
| 0.62±0.13*
| 0.78±0.13*
|
Enhance
| 0.41±0.04
| 0.36±0.02*
| 0.60±0.15
| 0.75±0.12*
| 0.23±0.01
| 0.16±0.02
|
Venus Supra
| 0.61±0.17
| 0.24±0.04
| 0.71±0.09
| 0.45±0.02
| 0.26±0.07
| 0.22±0.03
|
Control
| 0.18±0.02
| 0.13±0.02
| 0.51±0.22
| 0.40±0.05
| 0.21±0.02
| 0.08±0.01
|
| ||||||
5×5mm
|
| |||||
PoGo polisher
| 0.21±0.05*
| 0.30±0.09*
| 0.34±0.05
| 0.21±0.05
| 0.11±0.03*
| 0.16±0.04
|
Enhance
| 0.12±0.02
| 0.17±0.03
| 0.11±0.06
| 0.16±0.02
| 0.07±0.01
| 0.13±0.02
|
Venus Supra
| 0.11±0.02
| 0.08±0.02
| 0.16±0.06
| 0.14±0.03
| 0.06±0.01
| 0.08±0.02
|
Control
| 0.05±0.01
| 0.07±0.01
| 0.10±0.03
| 0.11±0.04
| 0.03±0.02
| 0.07±0.01
|
*p<0.05 vs control p<0.05 vs Venus Supra and vs control | ||||||
Conclusion: As measured with AFM, the different composite resins display variable roughness depending on the polishing system used. Overall, these preliminary results might suggest that Venus Supra polishing system could determine a smoother composite surface if compared to the other polishing systems tested.