Saos-2 cell response to different osteoconducting materials, using MTT assay

Objectives: In this in vitro study, inorganic bovine derived hydroxyapatite xenograft (HA), ƒ"-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), synthetic hydroxyapatite-equine type I collagen-chondroitin sulfate biomaterial (HACC) and sterile di-hydro calcium sulfate (SCS) were compared to evaluate their cytotoxic effect on Saos-2 cells using the Methyl Tetrazolium Test (MTT). Methods: 1gr of each material was added to 5mg of RPMI medium and was incubated for 72 hours. Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells were seeded in 75cm2 flasks at a density of 1„e105 cells for each well. 1ml of the extracts was added to the wells (10 wells for each material) and incubated for 24 hours. The solution within each well was then replaced with 1ml of CMC medium and the plates and the vitality of the cells was tested with MTT test. The optical density was read in the microplate-reader, using a test wavelength of 540nm. The statistical significance of differences was assessed by ANOVA and Tukey-HSD test. Statistically significant differences were set at P<0.05. Results: The HACC group significantly showed the highest biocompatibility (P<0.0001) and the SCS group the least (P<0.002), while the TCP and HA group didn't had a significant difference regarding this matter (P=1.0). Conclusions: The viability of Saos-2 cells was mostly affected by SCS followed by TCP, HA and HACC that showed the best biocompatibility. Due to limitations of this in vitro study and the effect of different solubility constant of the materials on the final results, further in vitro studies should be performed.