Microleakage of All-in-One Adhesive Systems under Thermal Cycling and Simultaneous Repeated Load

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the microleakage of all-in-one adhesive systems under a combination stress. Methods: Standardized V-shaped cavities were prepared in cervical region of 60 extracted human upper premolars. Those were restored with 4 all-in-one adhesive systems, Adper Prompt L-Pop Self-Etch Adhesive (ASE, 3M ESPE), Prompt L-Pop (PLP, 3M ESPE), Touch & Bond (TB, Sun Medical), and One-Up Bond F (OB, Tokuyama), and with 2 types of adhesive systems as controls, a self-etching primer system; Clearfil SE Bond (CSE, Kuraray) and an one-bottle priming adhesive system; Single Bond (SB, 3M ESPE), (n=10). The restored specimens were supplied to the dye penetration test under a combination stress, thermal cycling between 4° and 60° water for 125 cycles and simultaneous repeated load of 12 Kgf for 10⁴times, performed by a custom-made apparatus. Occlusal and gingival microleakage of sectioned-polished specimens were evaluated by a graded criterion, and then data were examined using Ridit analysis. Results: The occlusal mean values of Ridit (mR) of ASE, PLP, and OB were significantly greater than those of CSE and SB, and that of TB was similar to those of CSE and SB. There were no statistical differences in the occlusal mR among 4 all-in-one adhesive systems. The gingival mR of PLP was significantly greater than those of ASE, TB, and CSE, and that of OB and SB were statistically larger than that of CSE. No difference between occlusal and gingival leakage was found in ASE, TB, OB, and CSE. Conclusion: The occlusal sealing property of the all-in-one adhesive systems had a tendency to be inferior to those of a self etching primer system, CSE, and an one-bottle priming adhesive system, SB. The gingival sealing property of the 4 systems was inclined to be similar to SB and inferior or similar to CSE.