Masticatory Efficiency and Bite Force in Relation to Signs and Symptoms of TMD in Children

Objectives: Masticatory efficiency and bite force are outcome measures of chewing function. Considering that the adequate chewing gives stimulus and proper function to normal oral development the aim of this study was to evaluate the masticatory efficiency and the maximum bite force in children with or without signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). Methods: The sample comprised thirty-six children aged 7 to 13 years, representing subjects with signs and symptoms of TMD (Group I, n=18) and subjects without signs or symptoms of TMD (Group II, n=18). The subjective symptoms of TMD were evaluated by a questionnaire and the signs evaluated clinically, using routine methods. Masticatory efficiency was determined by chewing a standardized tablet of silicone-rubber (Optosil®) as a test food for 20 strokes. The median particle size was calculated by the optical scanning system. The maximum bite force was determined through a pressurized transmitter tube (pressure sensor MPX 5700 Motorola) connected to a converse analogical/digital electronic circuit, and it was disposed between the first upper and lower permanent molars. Body height and weight were determined. Student’s t test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Results: In relation to masticatory efficiency, group l had significantly larger particle sizes than group II (2.96±0.39 and 2.20±0.18 mm, respectively; p<0.05). The mean of the maximum bite force for the group I was 304.84±29.63 N and for the group II was 359.80±34.98 N, with significant statistical difference (p<0.05). Masticatory efficiency was not correlated with maximum bite force (p>0.05), as well body variables with the analyzed parameters. Conclusions: The results suggest that presence of signs and symptoms of TMD may result in a significant decline in masticatory efficiency and bite force. Supported by CAPES and FAPESP.