Histologic Evaluation of a Collagen/Hydroxyapatite/Chondroitin Sulphate Implant in Post-Extraction Defects

Objectives: The aim of this study was to histologically evaluate the healing following implantation of a collagen/hydroxyapatite/chondroitin sulphate graft (Biostite) in human post-extraction defects. Methods: After tooth removal and socket degranulation, Biostite was implanted to fill the defect. Flaps were mobilized and sutured to ensure complete coverage of the graft. Hard tissue biopsies were harvested with a 2 mm-diameter trephine bur after 3 and 6 months post-implantation. Results: Healing progressed uneventfully, no esfoliation or infective complication were recorded. 3-month histologic observations demonstrated new bone formation around Biostite particles. The newly formed bone was represented by immature bone trabeculae undergoing mineralization, with an osteoblastic layer lining the osteoid matrix. CD68-positive multinucleated cells with features similar to osteoclasts were present along the surface of graft particles. At 6 months, the newly formed bone was more mature, well-vascularized, although some areas were still undergoing mineralization. Osteoclastic-mediated resorption was also observed. Particles of biomaterial were still evident and appeared integrated with surrounding bone. Biostite appeared well-tolerated, in no cases inflammatory infiltrate was observed around the implanted particles. Conclusions: This study indicates that bone regeneration in post-extraction defects can be favorably supported by the implantation of a collagen/hydroxyapatite/chondroitin sulphate graft . This study was partly supported by VEBAS s.r.l., Italy and Research Center for the Study of Periodontal Diseases, University of Ferrara.